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Node.js v16.0.0-test202104194afcd55274 documentation
Table of contents
- Web Crypto API
- Examples
- Algorithm Matrix
- Class:
Crypto
- Class:
CryptoKey
- Class:
CryptoKeyPair
- Class:
SubtleCrypto
subtle.decrypt(algorithm, key, data)
subtle.deriveBits(algorithm, baseKey, length)
subtle.deriveKey(algorithm, baseKey, derivedKeyAlgorithm, extractable, keyUsages)
subtle.digest(algorithm, data)
subtle.encrypt(algorithm, key, data)
subtle.exportKey(format, key)
subtle.generateKey(algorithm, extractable, keyUsages)
subtle.importKey(format, keyData, algorithm, extractable, keyUsages)
subtle.sign(algorithm, key, data)
subtle.unwrapKey(format, wrappedKey, unwrappingKey, unwrapAlgo, unwrappedKeyAlgo, extractable, keyUsages)
subtle.verify(algorithm, key, signature, data)
subtle.wrapKey(format, key, wrappingKey, wrapAlgo)
- Algorithm Parameters
- Class:
AesCbcParams
- Class:
AesCtrParams
- Class:
AesGcmParams
- Class:
AesImportParams
- Class:
AesKeyGenParams
- Class:
AesKwParams
- Class:
EcdhKeyDeriveParams
- Class:
EcdsaParams
- Class:
EcKeyGenParams
- Class:
EcKeyImportParams
- Class:
HkdfParams
- Class:
HmacImportParams
- Class:
HmacKeyGenParams
- Class:
HmacParams
- Class:
Pbkdf2ImportParams
- Class:
Pbkdf2Params
- Class:
RsaHashedImportParams
- Class:
RsaHashedKeyGenParams
- Class:
RsaOaepParams
- Class:
RsaPssParams
- Class:
RsaSignParams
- Class:
- Node.js-specific extensions
Web Crypto API#
Node.js provides an implementation of the standard Web Crypto API.
Use require('crypto').webcrypto
to access this module.
const { subtle } = require('crypto').webcrypto;
(async function() {
const key = await subtle.generateKey({
name: 'HMAC',
hash: 'SHA-256',
length: 256
}, true, ['sign', 'verify']);
const digest = await subtle.sign({
name: 'HMAC'
}, key, 'I love cupcakes');
})();
Examples#
Generating keys#
The <SubtleCrypto> class can be used to generate symmetric (secret) keys or asymmetric key pairs (public key and private key).
AES keys#
const { subtle } = require('crypto').webcrypto;
async function generateAesKey(length = 256) {
const key = await subtle.generateKey({
name: 'AES-CBC',
length
}, true, ['encrypt', 'decrypt']);
return key;
}
Elliptic curve key pairs#
const { subtle } = require('crypto').webcrypto;
async function generateEcKey(namedCurve = 'P-521') {
const {
publicKey,
privateKey
} = await subtle.generateKey({
name: 'ECDSA',
namedCurve,
}, true, ['sign', 'verify']);
return { publicKey, privateKey };
}
ED25519/ED448/X25519/X448 Elliptic curve key pairs#
const { subtle } = require('crypto').webcrypto;
async function generateEd25519Key() {
return subtle.generateKey({
name: 'NODE-ED25519',
namedCurve: 'NODE-ED25519',
}, true, ['sign', 'verify']);
}
async function generateX25519Key() {
return subtle.generateKey({
name: 'ECDH',
namedCurve: 'NODE-X25519',
}, true, ['deriveKey']);
}
HMAC keys#
const { subtle } = require('crypto').webcrypto;
async function generateHmacKey(hash = 'SHA-256') {
const key = await subtle.generateKey({
name: 'HMAC',
hash
}, true, ['sign', 'verify']);
return key;
}
RSA key pairs#
const { subtle } = require('crypto').webcrypto;
const publicExponent = new Uint8Array([1, 0, 1]);
async function generateRsaKey(modulusLength = 2048, hash = 'SHA-256') {
const {
publicKey,
privateKey
} = await subtle.generateKey({
name: 'RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5',
modulusLength,
publicExponent,
hash,
}, true, ['sign', 'verify']);
return { publicKey, privateKey };
}
Encryption and decryption#
const { subtle, getRandomValues } = require('crypto').webcrypto;
async function aesEncrypt(plaintext) {
const ec = new TextEncoder();
const key = await generateAesKey();
const iv = getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(16));
const ciphertext = await subtle.encrypt({
name: 'AES-CBC',
iv,
}, key, ec.encode(plaintext));
return {
key,
iv,
ciphertext
};
}
async function aesDecrypt(ciphertext, key, iv) {
const dec = new TextDecoder();
const plaintext = await subtle.decrypt({
name: 'AES-CBC',
iv,
}, key, ciphertext);
return dec.decode(plaintext);
}
Exporting and importing keys#
const { subtle } = require('crypto').webcrypto;
async function generateAndExportHmacKey(format = 'jwk', hash = 'SHA-512') {
const key = await subtle.generateKey({
name: 'HMAC',
hash
}, true, ['sign', 'verify']);
return subtle.exportKey(format, key);
}
async function importHmacKey(keyData, format = 'jwk', hash = 'SHA-512') {
const key = await subtle.importKey(format, keyData, {
name: 'HMAC',
hash
}, true, ['sign', 'verify']);
return key;
}
Wrapping and unwrapping keys#
const { subtle } = require('crypto').webcrypto;
async function generateAndWrapHmacKey(format = 'jwk', hash = 'SHA-512') {
const [
key,
wrappingKey,
] = await Promise.all([
subtle.generateKey({
name: 'HMAC', hash
}, true, ['sign', 'verify']),
subtle.generateKey({
name: 'AES-KW',
length: 256
}, true, ['wrapKey', 'unwrapKey']),
]);
const wrappedKey = await subtle.wrapKey(format, key, wrappingKey, 'AES-KW');
return wrappedKey;
}
async function unwrapHmacKey(
wrappedKey,
wrappingKey,
format = 'jwk',
hash = 'SHA-512') {
const key = await subtle.unwrapKey(
format,
wrappedKey,
unwrappingKey,
'AES-KW',
{ name: 'HMAC', hash },
true,
['sign', 'verify']);
return key;
}
Sign and verify#
const { subtle } = require('crypto').webcrypto;
async function sign(key, data) {
const ec = new TextEncoder();
const signature =
await subtle.sign('RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5', key, ec.encode(data));
return signature;
}
async function verify(key, signature, data) {
const ec = new TextEncoder();
const verified =
await subtle.verify(
'RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5',
key,
signature,
ec.encode(data));
return verified;
}
Deriving bits and keys#
const { subtle } = require('crypto').webcrypto;
async function pbkdf2(pass, salt, iterations = 1000, length = 256) {
const ec = new TextEncoder();
const key = await subtle.importKey(
'raw',
ec.encode(pass),
'PBKDF2',
false,
['deriveBits']);
const bits = await subtle.deriveBits({
name: 'PBKDF2',
hash: 'SHA-512',
salt: ec.encode(salt),
iterations
}, key, length);
return bits;
}
async function pbkdf2Key(pass, salt, iterations = 1000, length = 256) {
const ec = new TextEncoder();
const keyMaterial = await subtle.importKey(
'raw',
ec.encode(pass),
'PBKDF2',
false,
['deriveKey']);
const key = await subtle.deriveKey({
name: 'PBKDF2',
hash: 'SHA-512',
salt: ec.encode(salt),
iterations
}, keyMaterial, {
name: 'AES-GCM',
length: 256
}, true, ['encrypt', 'decrypt']);
return key;
}
Digest#
const { subtle } = require('crypto').webcrypto;
async function digest(data, algorithm = 'SHA-512') {
const ec = new TextEncoder();
const digest = await subtle.digest(algorithm, ec.encode(data));
return digest;
}
Algorithm Matrix#
The table details the algorithms supported by the Node.js Web Crypto API implementation and the APIs supported for each:
Algorithm | generateKey | exportKey | importKey | encrypt | decrypt | wrapKey | unwrapKey | deriveBits | deriveKey | sign | verify | digest |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
'RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5' | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||
'RSA-PSS' | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||
'RSA-OAEP' | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |||||
'ECDSA' | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||
'ECDH' | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||
'AES-CTR' | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |||||
'AES-CBC' | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |||||
'AES-GCM' | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |||||
'AES-KW' | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||
'HMAC' | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||
'HKDF' | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||||
'PBKDF2' | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||||
'SHA-1' | ✔ | |||||||||||
'SHA-256' | ✔ | |||||||||||
'SHA-384' | ✔ | |||||||||||
'SHA-512' | ✔ | |||||||||||
'NODE-DSA' 1 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||
'NODE-DH' 1 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||
'NODE-ED25519' 1 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||
'NODE-ED448' 1 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
1 Node.js-specific extension
Class: Crypto
#
Calling require('crypto').webcrypto
returns an instance of the Crypto
class.
Crypto
is a singleton that provides access to the remainder of the crypto API.
crypto.subtle
#
- Type: <SubtleCrypto>
Provides access to the SubtleCrypto
API.
crypto.getRandomValues(typedArray)
#
typedArray
<Buffer> | <TypedArray> | <DataView> | <ArrayBuffer>- Returns: <Buffer> | <TypedArray> | <DataView> | <ArrayBuffer> Returns
typedArray
.
Generates cryptographically strong random values. The given typedArray
is
filled with random values, and a reference to typedArray
is returned.
An error will be thrown if the given typedArray
is larger than 65,536 bytes.
Class: CryptoKey
#
cryptoKey.algorithm
#
- Type: <AesKeyGenParams> | <RsaHashedKeyGenParams> | <EcKeyGenParams> | <HmacKeyGenParams> | <NodeDsaKeyGenParams> | <NodeDhKeyGenParams>
An object detailing the algorithm for which the key can be used along with additional algorithm-specific parameters.
Read-only.
cryptoKey.extractable
#
- Type: <boolean>
When true
, the <CryptoKey> can be extracted using either
subtleCrypto.exportKey()
or subtleCrypto.wrapKey()
.
Read-only.
cryptoKey.type
#
- Type: <string> One of
'secret'
,'private'
, or'public'
.
A string identifying whether the key is a symmetric ('secret'
) or
asymmetric ('private'
or 'public'
) key.
cryptoKey.usages
#
- Type: <string[]>
An array of strings identifying the operations for which the key may be used.
The possible usages are:
'encrypt'
- The key may be used to encrypt data.'decrypt'
- The key may be used to decrypt data.'sign'
- The key may be used to generate digital signatures.'verify'
- The key may be used to verify digital signatures.'deriveKey'
- The key may be used to derive a new key.'deriveBits'
- The key may be used to derive bits.'wrapKey'
- The key may be used to wrap another key.'unwrapKey'
- The key may be used to unwrap another key.
Valid key usages depend on the key algorithm (identified by
cryptokey.algorithm.name
).
Key Type | 'encrypt' | 'decrypt' | 'sign' | 'verify' | 'deriveKey' | 'deriveBits' | 'wrapKey' | 'unwrapKey' |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
'AES-CBC' | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ||||
'AES-CTR' | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ||||
'AES-GCM' | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ||||
'AES-KW' | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||
'ECDH' | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||
'ECDSA' | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||
'HDKF' | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||
'HMAC' | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||
'PBKDF2' | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||
'RSA-OAEP' | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ||||
'RSA-PSS' | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||
'RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5' | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||
'NODE-DSA' 1 | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||
'NODE-DH' 1 | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||
'NODE-SCRYPT' 1 | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||
'NODE-ED25519' 1 | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||
'NODE-ED448' 1 | ✔ | ✔ |
1 Node.js-specific extension.
Class: CryptoKeyPair
#
The CryptoKeyPair
is a simple dictionary object with publicKey
and
privateKey
properties, representing an asymmetric key pair.
cryptoKeyPair.privateKey
#
- Type: <CryptoKey> A <CryptoKey> whose
type
will be'private'
.
cryptoKeyPair.publicKey
#
- Type: <CryptoKey> A <CryptoKey> whose
type
will be'public'
.
Class: SubtleCrypto
#
subtle.decrypt(algorithm, key, data)
#
algorithm
: <RsaOaepParams> | <AesCtrParams> | <AesCbcParams> | <AesGcmParams>key
: <CryptoKey>data
: <ArrayBuffer> | <TypedArray> | <DataView> | <Buffer>- Returns: <Promise> containing <ArrayBuffer>
Using the method and parameters specified in algorithm
and the keying
material provided by key
, subtle.decrypt()
attempts to decipher the
provided data
. If successful, the returned promise will be resolved with
an <ArrayBuffer> containing the plaintext result.
The algorithms currently supported include:
'RSA-OAEP'
'AES-CTR'
'AES-CBC'
'AES-GCM
'
subtle.deriveBits(algorithm, baseKey, length)
#
algorithm
: <EcdhKeyDeriveParams> | <HkdfParams> | <Pbkdf2Params> | <NodeDhDeriveBitsParams> | <NodeScryptParams>baseKey
: <CryptoKey>length
: <number>- Returns: <Promise> containing <ArrayBuffer>
Using the method and parameters specified in algorithm
and the keying
material provided by baseKey
, subtle.deriveBits()
attempts to generate
length
bits. The Node.js implementation requires that length
is a
multiple of 8
. If successful, the returned promise will be resolved with
an <ArrayBuffer> containing the generated data.
The algorithms currently supported include:
'ECDH'
'HKDF'
'PBKDF2'
'NODE-DH'
1'NODE-SCRYPT'
1
1 Node.js-specific extension
subtle.deriveKey(algorithm, baseKey, derivedKeyAlgorithm, extractable, keyUsages)
#
algorithm
: <EcdhKeyDeriveParams> | <HkdfParams> | <Pbkdf2Params> | <NodeDhDeriveBitsParams> | <NodeScryptParams>baseKey
: <CryptoKey>derivedKeyAlgorithm
: <HmacKeyGenParams> | <AesKeyGenParams>extractable
: <boolean>keyUsages
: <string[]> See Key usages.- Returns: <Promise> containing <CryptoKey>
Using the method and parameters specified in algorithm
, and the keying
material provided by baseKey
, subtle.deriveKey()
attempts to generate
a new <CryptoKey> based on the method and parameters in derivedKeyAlgorithm
.
Calling subtle.deriveKey()
is equivalent to calling subtle.deriveBits()
to
generate raw keying material, then passing the result into the
subtle.importKey()
method using the deriveKeyAlgorithm
, extractable
, and
keyUsages
parameters as input.
The algorithms currently supported include:
'ECDH'
'HKDF'
'PBKDF2'
'NODE-DH'
1- '
NODE-SCRYPT'
1
1 Node.js-specific extension
subtle.digest(algorithm, data)
#
algorithm
: <string> | <Object>data
: <ArrayBuffer> | <TypedArray> | <DataView> | <Buffer>- Returns: <Promise> containing <ArrayBuffer>
Using the method identified by algorithm
, subtle.digest()
attempts to
generate a digest of data
. If successful, the returned promise is resolved
with an <ArrayBuffer> containing the computed digest.
If algorithm
is provided as a <string>, it must be one of:
'SHA-1'
'SHA-256'
'SHA-384'
'SHA-512'
If algorithm
is provided as an <Object>, it must have a name
property
whose value is one of the above.
subtle.encrypt(algorithm, key, data)
#
algorithm
: <RsaOaepParams> | <AesCtrParams> | <AesCbcParams> | <AesGcmParams>key
: <CryptoKey>- Returns: <Promise> containing <ArrayBuffer>
Using the method and parameters specified by algorithm
and the keying
material provided by key
, subtle.encrypt()
attempts to encipher data
.
If successful, the returned promise is resolved with an <ArrayBuffer>
containing the encrypted result.
The algorithms currently supported include:
'RSA-OAEP'
'AES-CTR'
'AES-CBC'
'AES-GCM
'
subtle.exportKey(format, key)
#
format
: <string> Must be one of'raw'
,'pkcs8'
,'spki'
,'jwk'
, or'node.keyObject'
.key
: <CryptoKey>- Returns: <Promise> containing <ArrayBuffer>, or, if
format
is'node.keyObject'
, a <KeyObject>.
Exports the given key into the specified format, if supported.
If the <CryptoKey> is not extractable, the returned promise will reject.
When format
is either 'pkcs8'
or 'spki'
and the export is successful,
the returned promise will be resolved with an <ArrayBuffer> containing the
exported key data.
When format
is 'jwk'
and the export is successful, the returned promise
will be resolved with a JavaScript object conforming to the JSON Web Key
specification.
The special 'node.keyObject'
value for format
is a Node.js-specific
extension that allows converting a <CryptoKey> into a Node.js <KeyObject>.
Key Type | 'spki' | 'pkcs8' | 'jwk' | 'raw' |
---|---|---|---|---|
'AES-CBC' | ✔ | ✔ | ||
'AES-CTR' | ✔ | ✔ | ||
'AES-GCM' | ✔ | ✔ | ||
'AES-KW' | ✔ | ✔ | ||
'ECDH' | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
'ECDSA' | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
'HDKF' | ||||
'HMAC' | ✔ | ✔ | ||
'PBKDF2' | ||||
'RSA-OAEP' | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
'RSA-PSS' | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
'RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5' | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
'NODE-DSA' 1 | ✔ | ✔ | ||
'NODE-DH' 1 | ✔ | ✔ | ||
'NODE-SCRYPT' 1 | ||||
'NODE-ED25519' 1 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
'NODE-ED448' 1 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
1 Node.js-specific extension
subtle.generateKey(algorithm, extractable, keyUsages)
#
algorithm
: <RsaHashedKeyGenParams> | <EcKeyGenParams> | <HmacKeyGenParams> | <AesKeyGenParams> | <NodeDsaKeyGenParams> | <NodeDhKeyGenParams> | <NodeEdKeyGenParams>
extractable
: <boolean>keyUsages
: <string[]> See Key usages.- Returns: <Promise> containing <CryptoKey> | <CryptoKeyPair>
Using the method and parameters provided in algorithm
, subtle.generateKey()
attempts to generate new keying material. Depending the method used, the method
may generate either a single <CryptoKey> or a <CryptoKeyPair>.
The <CryptoKeyPair> (public and private key) generating algorithms supported include:
'RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5'
'RSA-PSS'
'RSA-OAEP'
'ECDSA'
'ECDH'
'NODE-DSA'
1'NODE-DH'
1'NODE-ED25519'
1'NODE-ED448'
1
The <CryptoKey> (secret key) generating algorithms supported include:
'HMAC'
'AES-CTR'
'AES-CBC'
'AES-GCM'
'AES-KW'
1 Non-standard Node.js extension
subtle.importKey(format, keyData, algorithm, extractable, keyUsages)
#
format
: <string> Must be one of'raw'
,'pkcs8'
,'spki'
,'jwk'
, or'node.keyObject'
.keyData
: <ArrayBuffer> | <TypedArray> | <DataView> | <Buffer> | <KeyObject>
algorithm
: <RsaHashedImportParams> | <EcKeyImportParams> | <HmacImportParams> | <AesImportParams> | <Pbkdf2ImportParams> | <NodeDsaImportParams> | <NodeDhImportParams> | <NodeScryptImportParams> | <NodeEdKeyImportParams>
extractable
: <boolean>keyUsages
: <string[]> See Key usages.- Returns: <Promise> containing <CryptoKey>
The subtle.importKey()
method attempts to interpret the provided keyData
as the given format
to create a <CryptoKey> instance using the provided
algorithm
, extractable
, and keyUsages
arguments. If the import is
successful, the returned promise will be resolved with the created <CryptoKey>.
The special 'node.keyObject'
value for format
is a Node.js-specific
extension that allows converting a Node.js <KeyObject> into a <CryptoKey>.
If importing a 'PBKDF2'
key, extractable
must be false
.
The algorithms currently supported include:
Key Type | 'spki' | 'pkcs8' | 'jwk' | 'raw' |
---|---|---|---|---|
'AES-CBC' | ✔ | ✔ | ||
'AES-CTR' | ✔ | ✔ | ||
'AES-GCM' | ✔ | ✔ | ||
'AES-KW' | ✔ | ✔ | ||
'ECDH' | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
'ECDSA' | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
'HDKF' | ✔ | |||
'HMAC' | ✔ | ✔ | ||
'PBKDF2' | ✔ | |||
'RSA-OAEP' | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
'RSA-PSS' | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
'RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5' | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
'NODE-DSA' 1 | ✔ | ✔ | ||
'NODE-DH' 1 | ✔ | ✔ | ||
'NODE-SCRYPT' 1 | ✔ | |||
'NODE-ED25519' 1 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
'NODE-ED448' 1 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
1 Node.js-specific extension
subtle.sign(algorithm, key, data)
#
algorithm
: <RsaSignParams> | <RsaPssParams> | <EcdsaParams> | <HmacParams> | <NodeDsaSignParams>key
: <CryptoKey>data
: <ArrayBuffer> | <TypedArray> | <DataView> | <Buffer>- Returns: <Promise> containing <ArrayBuffer>
Using the method and parameters given by algorithm
and the keying material
provided by key
, subtle.sign()
attempts to generate a cryptographic
signature of data
. If successful, the returned promise is resolved with
an <ArrayBuffer> containing the generated signature.
The algorithms currently supported include:
'RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5'
'RSA-PSS'
'ECDSA'
'HMAC'
'NODE-DSA'
1'NODE-ED25519'
1'NODE-ED448'
1
1 Non-standard Node.js extension
subtle.unwrapKey(format, wrappedKey, unwrappingKey, unwrapAlgo, unwrappedKeyAlgo, extractable, keyUsages)
#
format
: <string> Must be one of'raw'
,'pkcs8'
,'spki'
, or'jwk'
.wrappedKey
: <ArrayBuffer> | <TypedArray> | <DataView> | <Buffer>unwrappingKey
: <CryptoKey>
unwrapAlgo
: <RsaOaepParams> | <AesCtrParams> | <AesCbcParams> | <AesGcmParams> | <AesKwParams>unwrappedKeyAlgo
: <RsaHashedImportParams> | <EcKeyImportParams> | <HmacImportParams> | <AesImportParams>
extractable
: <boolean>keyUsages
: <string[]> See Key usages.- Returns: <Promise> containing <CryptoKey>
In cryptography, "wrapping a key" refers to exporting and then encrypting the
keying material. The subtle.unwrapKey()
method attempts to decrypt a wrapped
key and create a <CryptoKey> instance. It is equivalent to calling
subtle.decrypt()
first on the encrypted key data (using the wrappedKey
,
unwrapAlgo
, and unwrappingKey
arguments as input) then passing the results
in to the subtle.importKey()
method using the unwrappedKeyAlgo
,
extractable
, and keyUsages
arguments as inputs. If successful, the returned
promise is resolved with a <CryptoKey> object.
The wrapping algorithms currently supported include:
'RSA-OAEP'
'AES-CTR'
1'AES-CBC'
1'AES-GCM'
1'AES-KW'
1
The unwrapped key algorithms supported include:
'RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5'
'RSA-PSS'
'RSA-OAEP'
'ECDSA'
'ECDH'
'HMAC'
'AES-CTR'
'AES-CBC'
'AES-GCM'
'AES-KW'
'NODE-DSA'
1'NODE-DH'
1
1 Non-standard Node.js extension
subtle.verify(algorithm, key, signature, data)
#
algorithm
: <RsaSignParams> | <RsaPssParams> | <EcdsaParams> | <HmacParams> | <NodeDsaSignParams>key
: <CryptoKey>signature
: <ArrayBuffer> | <TypedArray> | <DataView> | <Buffer>data
: <ArrayBuffer> | <TypedArray> | <DataView> | <Buffer>- Returns: <Promise> containing <boolean>
Using the method and parameters given in algorithm
and the keying material
provided by key
, subtle.verify()
attempts to verify that signature
is
a valid cryptographic signature of data
. The returned promise is resolved
with either true
or false
.
The algorithms currently supported include:
'RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5'
'RSA-PSS'
'ECDSA'
'HMAC'
'NODE-DSA'
1'NODE-ED25519'
1'NODE-ED448'
1
1 Non-standard Node.js extension
subtle.wrapKey(format, key, wrappingKey, wrapAlgo)
#
format
: <string> Must be one of'raw'
,'pkcs8'
,'spki'
, or'jwk'
.key
: <CryptoKey>wrappingKey
: <CryptoKey>wrapAlgo
: <RsaOaepParams> | <AesCtrParams> | <AesCbcParams> | <AesGcmParams> | <AesKwParams>- Returns: <Promise> containing <ArrayBuffer>
In cryptography, "wrapping a key" refers to exporting and then encrypting the
keying material. The subtle.wrapKey()
method exports the keying material into
the format identified by format
, then encrypts it using the method and
parameters specified by wrapAlgo
and the keying material provided by
wrappingKey
. It is the equivalent to calling subtle.exportKey()
using
format
and key
as the arguments, then passing the result to the
subtle.encrypt()
method using wrappingKey
and wrapAlgo
as inputs. If
successful, the returned promise will be resolved with an <ArrayBuffer>
containing the encrypted key data.
The wrapping algorithms currently supported include:
'RSA-OAEP'
'AES-CTR'
'AES-CBC'
'AES-GCM'
'AES-KW'
Algorithm Parameters#
The algorithm parameter objects define the methods and parameters used by the various <SubtleCrypto> methods. While described here as "classes", they are simple JavaScript dictionary objects.
Class: AesCbcParams
#
aesCbcParams.iv
#
- Type: <ArrayBuffer> | <TypedArray> | <DataView> | <Buffer>
Provides the initialization vector. It must be exactly 16-bytes in length and should be unpredictable and cryptographically random.
aesCbcParams.name
#
- Type: <string> Must be
'AES-CBC'
.
Class: AesCtrParams
#
aesCtrParams.counter
#
- Type: <ArrayBuffer> | <TypedArray> | <DataView> | <Buffer>
The initial value of the counter block. This must be exactly 16 bytes long.
The AES-CTR
method uses the rightmost length
bits of the block as the
counter and the remaining bits as the nonce.
aesCtrParams.length
#
- Type: <number> The number of bits in the
aesCtrParams.counter
that are to be used as the counter.
aesCtrParams.name
#
- Type: <string> Must be
'AES-CTR'
.
Class: AesGcmParams
#
aesGcmParams.additionalData
#
- Type: <ArrayBuffer> | <TypedArray> | <DataView> | <Buffer> | <undefined>
With the AES-GCM method, the additionalData
is extra input that is not
encrypted but is included in the authentication of the data. The use of
additionalData
is optional.
aesGcmParams.iv
#
- Type: <ArrayBuffer> | <TypedArray> | <DataView> | <Buffer>
The initialization vector must be unique for every encryption operation using a given key. It is recommended by the AES-GCM specification that this contain at least 12 random bytes.
aesGcmParams.name
#
- Type: <string> Must be
'AES-GCM'
.
aesGcmParams.tagLength
#
- Type: <number> The size in bits of the generated authentication tag.
This values must be one of
32
,64
,96
,104
,112
,120
, or128
. Default:128
.
Class: AesImportParams
#
'aesImportParams.name`#
- Type: <string> Must be one of
'AES-CTR'
,'AES-CBC'
,'AES-GCM'
, or'AES-KW'
.
Class: AesKeyGenParams
#
aesKeyGenParams.length
#
- Type: <number>
The length of the AES key to be generated. This must be either 128
, 192
,
or 256
.
aesKeyGenParams.name
#
- Type: <string> Must be one of
'AES-CBC'
,'AES-CTR'
,'AES-GCM'
, or'AES-KW'
Class: AesKwParams
#
aesKwParams.name
#
- Type: <string> Must be
'AES-KW'
.
Class: EcdhKeyDeriveParams
#
ecdhKeyDeriveParams.name
#
- Type: <string> Must be
'ECDH'
.
ecdhKeyDeriveParams.public
#
- Type: <CryptoKey>
ECDH key derivation operates by taking as input one parties private key and
another parties public key -- using both to generate a common shared secret.
The ecdhKeyDeriveParams.public
property is set to the other parties public
key.
Class: EcdsaParams
#
ecdsaParams.hash
#
If represented as a <string>, the value must be one of:
'SHA-1'
'SHA-256'
'SHA-384'
'SHA-512'
If represented as an <Object>, the object must have a name
property
whose value is one of the above listed values.
ecdsaParams.name
#
- Type: <string> Must be
'ECDSA'
.
Class: EcKeyGenParams
#
ecKeyGenParams.name
#
- Type: <string> Must be one of
'ECDSA'
or'ECDH'
.
ecKeyGenParams.namedCurve
#
- Type: <string> Must be one of
'P-256'
,'P-384'
,'P-521'
,'NODE-ED25519'
,'NODE-ED448'
,'NODE-X25519'
, or'NODE-X448'
.
Class: EcKeyImportParams
#
ecKeyImportParams.name
#
- Type: <string> Must be one of
'ECDSA'
or'ECDH'
.
ecKeyImportParams.namedCurve
#
- Type: <string> Must be one of
'P-256'
,'P-384'
,'P-521'
,'NODE-ED25519'
,'NODE-ED448'
,'NODE-X25519'
, or'NODE-X448'
.
Class: HkdfParams
#
hkdfParams.hash
#
If represented as a <string>, the value must be one of:
'SHA-1'
'SHA-256'
'SHA-384'
'SHA-512'
If represented as an <Object>, the object must have a name
property
whose value is one of the above listed values.
hkdfParams.info
#
- Type: <ArrayBuffer> | <TypedArray> | <DataView> | <Buffer>
Provides application-specific contextual input to the HKDF algorithm. This can be zero-length but must be provided.
hkdfParams.name
#
- Type: <string> Must be
'HKDF'
.
hkdfParams.salt
#
- Type: <ArrayBuffer> | <TypedArray> | <DataView> | <Buffer>
The salt value significantly improves the strength of the HKDF algorithm.
It should be random or pseudorandom and should be the same length as the
output of the digest function (for instance, if using 'SHA-256'
as the
digest, the salt should be 256-bits of random data).
Class: HmacImportParams
#
'hmacImportParams.hash`#
If represented as a <string>, the value must be one of:
'SHA-1'
'SHA-256'
'SHA-384'
'SHA-512'
If represented as an <Object>, the object must have a name
property
whose value is one of the above listed values.
hmacImportParams.length
#
- Type: <number>
The optional number of bits in the HMAC key. This is optional and should be omitted for most cases.
hmacImportParams.name
#
- Type: <string> Must be
'HMAC'
.
Class: HmacKeyGenParams
#
hmacKeyGenParams.hash
#
If represented as a <string>, the value must be one of:
'SHA-1'
'SHA-256'
'SHA-384'
'SHA-512'
If represented as an <Object>, the object must have a name
property
whose value is one of the above listed values.
hmacKeyGenParams.length
#
- Type: <number>
The number of bits to generate for the HMAC key. If omitted, the length will be determined by the hash algorithm used. This is optional and should be omitted for most cases.
hmacKeyGenParams.name
#
- Type: <string> Must be
'HMAC'
.
Class: HmacParams
#
hmacParams.name
#
- Type: <string> Must be
'HMAC
.
Class: Pbkdf2ImportParams
#
pbkdf2ImportParams.name
#
- Type: <string> Must be
'PBKDF2'
Class: Pbkdf2Params
#
pbkdb2Params.hash
#
If represented as a <string>, the value must be one of:
'SHA-1'
'SHA-256'
'SHA-384'
'SHA-512'
If represented as an <Object>, the object must have a name
property
whose value is one of the above listed values.
pbkdf2Params.iterations
#
- Type: <number>
The number of iterations the PBKDF2 algorithm should make when deriving bits.
pbkdf2Params.name
#
- Type: <string> Must be
'PBKDF2'
.
pbkdf2Params.salt
#
- Type: <ArrayBuffer> | <TypedArray> | <DataView> | <Buffer>
Should be at least 16 random or pseudorandom bytes.
Class: RsaHashedImportParams
#
rsaHashedImportParams.hash
#
If represented as a <string>, the value must be one of:
'SHA-1'
'SHA-256'
'SHA-384'
'SHA-512'
If represented as an <Object>, the object must have a name
property
whose value is one of the above listed values.
rsaHashedImportParams.name
#
- Type: <string> Must be one of
'RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5'
,'RSA-PSS'
, or'RSA-OAEP'
.
Class: RsaHashedKeyGenParams
#
rsaHashedKeyGenParams.hash
#
If represented as a <string>, the value must be one of:
'SHA-1'
'SHA-256'
'SHA-384'
'SHA-512'
If represented as an <Object>, the object must have a name
property
whose value is one of the above listed values.
rsaHashedKeyGenParams.modulusLength
#
- Type: <number>
The length in bits of the RSA modulus. As a best practice, this should be
at least 2048
.
rsaHashedKeyGenParams.name
#
- Type: <string> Must be one of
'RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5'
,'RSA-PSS'
, or'RSA-OAEP'
.
rsaHashedKeyGenParams.publicExponent
#
- Type: <Uint8Array>
The RSA public exponent. This must be a <Uint8Array> containing a big-endian,
unsigned integer that must fit within 32-bits. The <Uint8Array> may contain an
arbitrary number of leading zero-bits. The value must be a prime number. Unless
there is reason to use a different value, use new Uint8Array([1, 0, 1])
(65537) as the public exponent.
Class: RsaOaepParams
#
rsaOaepParams.label#
- Type: <ArrayBuffer> | <TypedArray> | <DataView> | <Buffer>
An additional collection of bytes that will not be encrypted, but will be bound to the generated ciphertext.
The rsaOaepParams.label
parameter is optional.
rsaOaepParams.name#
- Type: <string> must be
'RSA-OAEP'
.
Class: RsaPssParams
#
rsaPssParams.name
#
- Type: <string> Must be
'RSA-PSS'
.
rsaPssParams.saltLength
#
- Type: <number>
The length (in bytes) of the random salt to use.
Class: RsaSignParams
#
rsaSignParams.name
#
- Type: <string> Must be
'RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5'
Node.js-specific extensions#
The Node.js Web Crypto API extends various aspects of the Web Crypto API.
These extensions are consistently identified by prepending names with the
node.
prefix. For instance, the 'node.keyObject'
key format can be
used with the subtle.exportKey()
and subtle.importKey()
methods to
convert between a WebCrypto <CryptoKey> object and a Node.js <KeyObject>.
Care should be taken when using Node.js-specific extensions as they are not supported by other WebCrypto implementations and reduce the portability of code to other environments.
NODE-DH
Algorithm#
The NODE-DH
algorithm is the common implementation of Diffie-Hellman
key agreement.
Class: NodeDhImportParams
#
nodeDhImportParams.name
#
- Type: <string> Must be
'NODE-DH'
.
Class: NodeDhKeyGenParams`#
nodeDhKeyGenParams.generator
#
- Type: <number> A custom generator.
nodeDhKeyGenParams.group
#
- Type: <string> The Diffie-Hellman group name.
nodeDhKeyGenParams.prime
#
- Type: <Buffer> The prime parameter.
nodeDhKeyGenParams.primeLength
#
- Type: <number> The length in bits of the prime.
Class: NodeDhDeriveBitsParams#
nodeDhDeriveBitsParams.public
#
- Type: <CryptoKey> The other parties public key.
NODE-DSA
Algorithm#
The NODE-DSA
algorithm is the common implementation of the DSA digital
signature algorithm.
Class: NodeDsaImportParams
#
nodeDsaImportParams.hash
#
If represented as a <string>, the value must be one of:
'SHA-1'
'SHA-256'
'SHA-384'
'SHA-512'
If represented as an <Object>, the object must have a name
property
whose value is one of the above listed values.
nodeDsaImportParams.name
#
- Type: <string> Must be
'NODE-DSA'
.
Class: NodeDsaKeyGenParams
#
nodeDsaKeyGenParams.divisorLength
#
- Type: <number>
The optional length in bits of the DSA divisor.
nodeDsaKeyGenParams.hash
#
If represented as a <string>, the value must be one of:
'SHA-1'
'SHA-256'
'SHA-384'
'SHA-512'
If represented as an <Object>, the object must have a name
property
whose value is one of the above listed values.
nodeDsaKeyGenParams.modulusLength
#
- Type: <number>
The length in bits of the DSA modulus. As a best practice, this should be
at least 2048
.
nodeDsaKeyGenParams.name
#
- Type: <string> Must be
'NODE-DSA'
.
Class: NodeDsaSignParams
#
nodeDsaSignParams.name
#
- Type: <string> Must be
'NODE-DSA'
NODE-ED25519
and NODE-ED448
Algorithms#
Class: NodeEdKeyGenParams
#
nodeEdKeyGenParams.name
#
- Type: <string> Must be one of
'NODE-ED25519'
,'NODE-ED448'
or'ECDH'
.
nodeEdKeyGenParams.namedCurve
#
- Type: <string> Must be one of
'NODE-ED25519'
,'NODE-ED448'
,'NODE-X25519'
, or'NODE-X448'
.
Class: NodeEdKeyImportParams
#
nodeEdKeyImportParams.name
#
- Type: <string> Must be one of
'NODE-ED25519'
or'NODE-ED448'
if importing anEd25519
orEd448
key, or'ECDH'
if importing anX25519
orX448
key.
nodeEdKeyImportParams.namedCurve
#
- Type: <string> Must be one of
'NODE-ED25519'
,'NODE-ED448'
,'NODE-X25519'
, or'NODE-X448'
.
nodeEdKeyImportParams.public
#
- Type: <boolean>
The public
parameter is used to specify that the 'raw'
format key is to be
interpreted as a public key. Default: false
.
NODE-SCRYPT
Algorithm#
The NODE-SCRYPT
algorithm is the common implementation of the scrypt key
derivation algorithm.
Class: NodeScryptImportParams
#
nodeScryptImportParams.name
#
- Type: <string> Must be
'NODE-SCRYPT'
.
Class: NodeScryptParams
#
nodeScryptParams.encoding
#
- Type: <string> The string encoding when
salt
is a string.
nodeScryptParams.maxmem
#
- Type: <number> Memory upper bound. It is an error when (approximately)
127 * N * r > maxmem
. Default:32 * 1024 * 1024
.
nodeScryptParams.N
#
- Type: <number> The CPU/memory cost parameter. Must e a power of two
greater than 1. Default:
16384
.
nodeScryptParams.p
#
- Type: <number> Parallelization parameter. Default:
1
.
nodeScryptParams.r
#
- Type: <number> Block size parameter. Default:
8
.
nodeScryptParams.salt
#
- Type: <string> | <ArrayBuffer> | <Buffer> | <TypedArray> | <DataView>