--[[
This file is part of the `arabluatex' package

ArabLuaTeX -- Processing ArabTeX notation under LuaLaTeX
Copyright (C) 2016--2020  Robert Alessi

Please send error reports and suggestions for improvements to Robert
Alessi <alessi@robertalessi.net>

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program.  If not, see
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--]]

hamzafv = {
   -- next line for ʾiʿrāb hyphen
   {a="(')(%-)([uaiUAI])", b="%1%3"},
   -- next lines for ʾalif alone
   {a="(%.A)([uai]?)l%-(%^n)", b="ا%2ل%3"}, --additional (^n is lunar)
   {a="([%(%[%|%<%s%-O])(%.A)([uai]?)l%-(%^n)", b="%1ا%3%4"}, --additional (^n is lunar) --p
   {a="(%.A)([uai]?)l%-([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsnc])", b="ا%2ل%3%3"},
   {a="([%(%[%|%<%s%-O])(%.A)([uai]?)l%-([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsnc])", b="%1ا%3ل%4%4"}, --p
   {a="%.A", b="ا"},
   -- hard coded hamza
   {a="|\"'", b="Ø¡"},
   {a="A\"'", b="Ø¢"},
   {a="[au]\"'", b="Ø£"},
   {a="w\"'", b="ؤ"},
   {a="i\"'", b="Ø¥"},
   {a="y\"'", b="ئ"},
   -- moved below (end of 'final' section)
   {a="ؤ([^uaiUAI])", b="ؤْ%1"},
   {a="ؤ(%p*)$", b="ؤْ%1"},
   {a="ؤ(%p*%s)", b="ؤْ%1"},
   {a="أ([^uaiUAI])", b="أْ%1"},
   {a="أ(%p*)$", b="أْ%1"},
   {a="أ(%p*%s)", b="أْ%1"},
   {a="ئ([^uaiUAI])", b="ئْ%1"},
   {a="ئ(%p*)$", b="ئْ%1"},
   {a="ئ(%p*%s)", b="ئْ%1"},
   {a="ء([^uaiUAI])", b="ءْ%1"},
   {a="ء(%p*)$", b="ءْ%1"},
   {a="ء(%p*%s)", b="ءْ%1"},
   -- hamza takes tašdīd too
   {a="''([Uu])", b="ؤؤ%1"},
   {a="''([Aa])", b="أأ%1"},
   {a="''([Ii])", b="ئئ%1"},
   -- inseparable adverbial particle 'a- + 'a
   {a="\'(a)%-\'(a)", b="أ%1اأ%2"},
   -- initial long u and i (for a, see below)
   {a="%'%_U", b="Ø£U"},
   {a="%'%_I", b="Ø¥I"},
   -- taḫfīfu 'l-hamza
   {a="'u'([^uaiUAI])", b="Ø£U%1"},
   {a="'i'([^uaiUAI])", b="Ø¥I%1"},
   {a="([wf]a)%-\'([^uaiUAIl][^%-])", b="%1أْ%2"},
   {a="^u'([^uaiUAI])", b="اU%1"},
   {a="([^uaiUAIYN][%s%(%[%<])u'([^uaiUAI])", b="%1اU%2"},
   {a="^i'([^uaiUAI])", b="اI%1"},
   {a="([^uaiUAIYN][%s%(%[%<])i'([^uaiUAI])", b="%1اI%2"},
   -- madda (historic writing below)
   {a="'a'([^uaiUAI])", b="Ø¢%1"},
   {a="([^uiyUI])\'a?A([%_%^%.]?[%`%'btjghxdrzsfqklmnywAY])", b="%1Ø¢%2"},
   {a="^\'a?A([%_%^%.]?[%`%'btjghxdrzsfqklmnywAY])", b="Ø¢%1"},
   {a="\'a?A(O[%_%^%.]?[%`%'btjghxdrzsfqklmnywAY]-O)", b="Ø¢"},
   {a="(%W)\'a?A([%_%^%.]?[%`%'btjghxdrzsfqklmnywAY])", b="%1Ø¢%2"},
   {a="(A)(O%'[%S]-O)", b="Ø¢"},
   {a="(A)(')(uN?%p*)$", b="aآء%3"},
   {a="(A)(')(uN?)(%p*%s)", b="aآء%3%4"},
   {a="(A)(')(iN?%p*)$", b="aآء%3"},
   {a="(A)(')(iN?)(%p*%s)", b="aآء%3%4"},
   {a="(A)(')([iI])", b="aآئ%3"}, -- historic madda
   {a="(A)(')(u)", b="aآؤ%3"}, -- historic madda
   {a="(A)(')", b="aآء"}, -- historic madda
   -- initial (needs both ^ and %W patterns)
   -- 'aw: the diphthong is to be resolved into 'awi' (next 8 lines)
   {a="^('aw)(O)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)([%S]-O)", b="%1i"},
   {a="(%W)('aw)(O)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)([%S]-O)", b="%1%2i"},
   {a="^('aw)(O)([%(%[%|%<]?\"?[uai])([%S]-O)", b="%1i"},
   {a="(%W)('aw)(O)([%(%[%|%<]?\"?[uai])([%S]-O)", b="%1%2i"},
   {a="^('aw)(%s)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="%1i%2%3"},
   {a="(%W)('aw)(%s)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="%1%2i%3%4"},
   {a="^('aw)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?\"?[uai])", b="%1i%2%3"},
   {a="(%W)('aw)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?\"?[uai])", b="%1%2i%3%4"},
   -- then the 'initial' rules for the remaining cases
   {a="^(')([ua])", b="Ø£%2"},
   {a="^(')(i)", b="Ø¥%2"},
   -- consider replacing initial %W with [%s%(%[%<%-]:
   --   {a="(%W)(')([ua])", b="%1Ø£%3"},
   --   {a="(%W)(')(i)", b="%1Ø¥%3"},
   {a="([%s%(%[%<%-])(')([ua])", b="%1Ø£%3"},
   {a="([%s%(%[%<%-])(')(i)", b="%1Ø¥%3"},
   -- final
   -- mi'aT is special orthography (unlike ^say'aN and .zim'aN):
   -- {a="(%^sa%.?[yY])(\"?%|?)(%')(aN)", b="%1%2ئ%4"}, --new
   -- {a="(.zi?m)(%')(aN)", b="%1ئ%3"}, --new
   {a="(mi)(%')(a[Tt])", b="%1ائ%3"},
   {a="(mi)(%')(aN%_?[AY])", b="%1Ø£%3"},
   -- final hamzah is on the line after a letter of prolongation or a
   -- consonant with sukūn
   {a="([^Auai])(')(\"?[uai]N?)(%p*)$", b="%1Ø¡%3%4"}, --new
   {a="([^Auai])(')(\"?[uai]N?)(%p*%s)", b="%1Ø¡%3%4"},
-- u
   {a="(u)(')([uai]N?%p*)$", b="%1ؤ%3"},
   {a="(u)(')([uai]N?)(%p*%s)", b="%1ؤ%3%4"},
   {a="(u)(')(%p*)$", b="%1ؤْ%3"},
   {a="(u)(')(%p*%s)", b="%1ؤْ%3"},
-- a
   {a="(a)(')(A%p*)$", b="%1Ø¢"},
   {a="(a)(')(A)(%p*%s)", b="%1Ø¢%4"},
   {a="(a)(')([u]N?%p*)$", b="%1Ø£%3"},
   {a="(a)(')([u]N?)(%p*%s)", b="%1Ø£%3%4"},
   {a="(a)(')(a%p*)$", b="%1Ø£%3"},
   {a="(a)(')(a)(%p*%s)", b="%1Ø£%3%4"},
   {a="(a)(')(aN%p*)$", b="%1أً"},
   {a="(a)(')(aN)(%p*%s)", b="%1أً%4"},
   {a="(a)(')([i]N?%p*)$", b="%1Ø¥%3"},
   {a="(a)(')([i]N?)(%p*%s)", b="%1Ø¥%3%4"},
   {a="(a)(')(%p*)$", b="%1أْ%3"},
   {a="(a)(')(%p*%s)", b="%1أْ%3"},
-- i
   {a="(i)(')([uai]N?%p*)$", b="%1ئ%3"},
   {a="(i)(')([uai]N?)(%p*%s)", b="%1ئ%3%4"},
   {a="(i)(')(%p*)$", b="%1ئْ%3"},
   {a="(i)(')(%p*%s)", b="%1ئْ%3"},
-- the following was wrong for it broke the taḫfīfu 'l-hamzati
-- (look into this later):
-- moved here from above:
   -- {a="ؤ([^uaiUAI])", b="ؤْ%1"},
   -- {a="ؤ(%p*)$", b="ؤْ%1"},
   -- {a="ؤ(%p*%s)", b="ؤْ%1"},
   -- {a="أ([^uaiUAI])", b="أْ%1"},
   -- {a="أ(%p*)$", b="أْ%1"},
   -- {a="أ(%p*%s)", b="أْ%1"},
   -- {a="ئ([^uaiUAI])", b="ئْ%1"},
   -- {a="ئ(%p*)$", b="ئْ%1"},
   -- {a="ئ(%p*%s)", b="ئْ%1"},
   -- {a="ء([^uaiUAI])", b="ءْ%1"},
   -- {a="ء(%p*)$", b="ءْ%1"},
   -- {a="ء(%p*%s)", b="ءْ%1"},
   -- middle
   {a="([UIwy])(')", b="%1Ø¡"}, --new
   -- {a="([Iy])(')", b="%1ئ"}, --included in the above line
   -- hamza is alone after letters of prolongation or sukūn
   -- {a="([^uai])(')([uU])", b="%1ؤ%3"},
   -- {a="([^uai])(')(%_?[aAY])", b="%1Ø£%3"},
   -- {a="([^uai])(')([iI])", b="%1ئ%3"},
   {a="([^uai])(')(%_?[uaiUAYI])", b="%1Ø¡%3"},
   {a="(u)(')([UI])", b="%1Ø¡%3"},
   {a="(u)(')([u])", b="%1ؤ%3"},
   {a="(u)(')(%_?[aAY])", b="%1ؤ%3"},
   {a="(u)(')([i])", b="%1ئ%3"},
   {a="(a)(')(%_?[aAY])", b="%1Ø£%3"},
   {a="(a)(')([uU])", b="%1ؤ%3"},
   {a="(a)(')([iI])", b="%1ئ%3"},
   {a="(i)(')([UI])", b="%1Ø¡%3"},
   {a="(i)(')(%_?[aAY])", b="%1ئ%3"},
   {a="(i)(')([u])", b="%1ئ%3"},
   {a="(i)(')([i])", b="%1ئ%3"},
   {a="(a)(')([^uaiUAI])", b="%1أْ%3"},
   {a="(u)(')([^uaiUAI])", b="%1ؤْ%3"},
   {a="(i)(')([^uaiUAI])", b="%1ئْ%3"}
}

hamzafveasy = { -- differences marked below with 'easy'
   -- next line for ʾiʿrāb hyphen
   {a="(')(%-)([uaiUAI])", b="%1%3"},
   -- next lines for ʾalif alone
   {a="(%.A)([uai]?)l%-(%^n)", b="ا%2ل%3"}, --additional (^n is lunar)
   {a="([%(%[%|%<%s%-O])(%.A)([uai]?)l%-(%^n)", b="%1ا%3%4"}, --additional (^n is lunar) --p
   {a="(%.A)([uai]?)l%-([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsnc])", b="ا%2ل%3%3"},
   {a="([%(%[%|%<%s%-O])(%.A)([uai]?)l%-([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsnc])", b="%1ا%3ل%4%4"}, --p
   {a="%.A", b="ا"},
   -- hard coded hamza
   {a="|\"'", b="Ø¡"},
   {a="A\"'", b="Ø¢"},
   {a="[au]\"'", b="Ø£"},
   {a="w\"'", b="ؤ"},
   {a="i\"'", b="Ø¥"},
   {a="y\"'", b="ئ"},
   -- moved below (end of 'final' section)
   {a="ؤ([^uaiUAI])", b="ؤْ%1"},
   {a="ؤ(%p*)$", b="ؤْ%1"},
   {a="ؤ(%p*%s)", b="ؤْ%1"},
   {a="أ([^uaiUAI])", b="أْ%1"},
   {a="أ(%p*)$", b="أْ%1"},
   {a="أ(%p*%s)", b="أْ%1"},
   {a="ئ([^uaiUAI])", b="ئْ%1"},
   {a="ئ(%p*)$", b="ئْ%1"},
   {a="ئ(%p*%s)", b="ئْ%1"},
   {a="ء([^uaiUAI])", b="ءْ%1"},
   {a="ء(%p*)$", b="ءْ%1"},
   {a="ء(%p*%s)", b="ءْ%1"},
   -- hamza takes tašdīd too
   {a="''([Uu])", b="ؤؤ%1"},
   {a="''([Aa])", b="أأ%1"},
   {a="''([Ii])", b="ئئ%1"},
   -- inseparable adverbial particle 'a- + 'a
   {a="\'(a)%-\'(a)", b="أ%1اأ%2"},
   -- initial long u and i (for a, see below)
   {a="%'%_U", b="Ø£U"},
   {a="%'%_I", b="Ø¥I"},
   -- taḫfīfu 'l-hamza
   {a="'u'([^uaiUAI])", b="Ø£U%1"},
   {a="'i'([^uaiUAI])", b="Ø¥I%1"},
   {a="([wf]a)%-\'([^uaiUAIl][^%-])", b="%1أْ%2"},
   {a="^u'([^uaiUAI])", b="اU%1"},
   {a="([^uaiUAIYN][%s%(%[%<])u'([^uaiUAI])", b="%1اU%2"},
   {a="^i'([^uaiUAI])", b="اI%1"},
   {a="([^uaiUAIYN][%s%(%[%<])i'([^uaiUAI])", b="%1اI%2"},
   -- madda (historic writing below)
   {a="'a'([^uaiUAI])", b="Ø¢%1"},
   {a="([^uiyUI])\'a?A([%_%^%.]?[%`%'btjghxdrzsfqklmnywAY])", b="%1Ø¢%2"},
   {a="^\'a?A([%_%^%.]?[%`%'btjghxdrzsfqklmnywAY])", b="Ø¢%1"},
   {a="\'a?A(O[%_%^%.]?[%`%'btjghxdrzsfqklmnywAY]-O)", b="Ø¢"},
   {a="(%W)\'a?A([%_%^%.]?[%`%'btjghxdrzsfqklmnywAY])", b="%1Ø¢%2"},
   --easy (begin)
   {a="(A)(O%'[%S]-O)", b="ا"},
   {a="(A)(')(uN?%p*)$", b="aاء%3"},
   {a="(A)(')(uN?)(%p*%s)", b="aاء%3%4"},
   {a="(A)(')(iN?%p*)$", b="aاء%3"},
   {a="(A)(')(iN?)(%p*%s)", b="aاء%3%4"},
   {a="(A)(')([iI])", b="aائ%3"}, -- historic madda
   {a="(A)(')(u)", b="aاؤ%3"}, -- historic madda
   {a="(A)(')", b="aاء"}, -- historic madda
   --easy (end)
   -- initial (needs both ^ and %W patterns)
   -- 'aw: the diphthong is to be resolved into 'awi' (next 8 lines)
   {a="^('aw)(O)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)([%S]-O)", b="%1i"},
   {a="(%W)('aw)(O)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)([%S]-O)", b="%1%2i"},
   {a="^('aw)(O)([%(%[%|%<]?\"?[uai])([%S]-O)", b="%1i"},
   {a="(%W)('aw)(O)([%(%[%|%<]?\"?[uai])([%S]-O)", b="%1%2i"},
   {a="^('aw)(%s)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="%1i%2%3"},
   {a="(%W)('aw)(%s)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="%1%2i%3%4"},
   {a="^('aw)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?\"?[uai])", b="%1i%2%3"},
   {a="(%W)('aw)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?\"?[uai])", b="%1%2i%3%4"},
   -- then the 'initial' rules for the remaining cases
   {a="^(')([ua])", b="Ø£%2"},
   {a="^(')(i)", b="Ø¥%2"},
   -- consider replacing initial %W with [%s%(%[%<%-]:
   --   {a="(%W)(')([ua])", b="%1Ø£%3"},
   --   {a="(%W)(')(i)", b="%1Ø¥%3"},
   {a="([%s%(%[%<%-])(')([ua])", b="%1Ø£%3"},
   {a="([%s%(%[%<%-])(')(i)", b="%1Ø¥%3"},
   -- final
   -- mi'aT is special orthography (unlike ^say'aN and .zim'aN)
   -- {a="(%^sa%.?[yY])(\"?%|?)(%')(aN)", b="%1%2ئ%4"}, --new
   -- {a="(.zi?m)(%')(aN)", b="%1ئ%3"}, --new
   {a="(mi)(%')(a[Tt])", b="%1ائ%3"},
   {a="(mi)(%')(aN%_?[AY])", b="%1Ø£%3"},
   -- easy (begin)
   -- The Munjid says that such words as radI'aN do not have the
   -- hamzah alone on the line, so take out the following two lines
   -- (final hamzah is on the line after a letter of prolongation or a
   -- consonant with sukūn)
   -- {a="([^Auai])(')(\"?[uai]N?)(%p*)$", b="%1Ø¡%3%4"}, --new
   -- {a="([^Auai])(')(\"?[uai]N?)(%p*%s)", b="%1Ø¡%3%4"},
   {a="([^Auai])(')(\"?aN)(%p*)$", b="%1ئ%3%4"}, --new
   {a="([^Auai])(')(\"?aN)(%p*%s)", b="%1ئ%3%4"}, --new
   {a="([^uai])(')(\"?a)(%p*)$", b="%1Ø¡%3%4"}, --new
   {a="([^uai])(')(\"?a)(%p*%s)", b="%1Ø¡%3%4"}, --new
   {a="([^uai])(')(\"?[ui]N?)(%p*)$", b="%1Ø¡%3%4"}, --new
   {a="([^uai])(')(\"?[ui]N?)(%p*%s)", b="%1Ø¡%3%4"}, --new
   --easy (end)
-- u
   {a="(u)(')([uai]N?%p*)$", b="%1ؤ%3"},
   {a="(u)(')([uai]N?)(%p*%s)", b="%1ؤ%3%4"},
   {a="(u)(')(%p*)$", b="%1ؤْ%3"},
   {a="(u)(')(%p*%s)", b="%1ؤْ%3"},
-- a
   {a="(a)(')(A%p*)$", b="%1Ø¢"},
   {a="(a)(')(A)(%p*%s)", b="%1Ø¢%4"},
   {a="(a)(')([u]N?%p*)$", b="%1Ø£%3"},
   {a="(a)(')([u]N?)(%p*%s)", b="%1Ø£%3%4"},
   {a="(a)(')(a%p*)$", b="%1Ø£%3"},
   {a="(a)(')(a)(%p*%s)", b="%1Ø£%3%4"},
   {a="(a)(')(aN%p*)$", b="%1أً"},
   {a="(a)(')(aN)(%p*%s)", b="%1أً%4"},
   {a="(a)(')([i]N?%p*)$", b="%1Ø¥%3"},
   {a="(a)(')([i]N?)(%p*%s)", b="%1Ø¥%3%4"},
   {a="(a)(')(%p*)$", b="%1أْ%3"},
   {a="(a)(')(%p*%s)", b="%1أْ%3"},
-- i
   {a="(i)(')([uai]N?%p*)$", b="%1ئ%3"},
   {a="(i)(')([uai]N?)(%p*%s)", b="%1ئ%3%4"},
   {a="(i)(')(%p*)$", b="%1ئْ%3"},
   {a="(i)(')(%p*%s)", b="%1ئْ%3"},
-- the following was wrong for it broke the taḫfīfu 'l-hamzati
-- (look into this later):
-- moved here from above:
   -- {a="ؤ([^uaiUAI])", b="ؤْ%1"},
   -- {a="ؤ(%p*)$", b="ؤْ%1"},
   -- {a="ؤ(%p*%s)", b="ؤْ%1"},
   -- {a="أ([^uaiUAI])", b="أْ%1"},
   -- {a="أ(%p*)$", b="أْ%1"},
   -- {a="أ(%p*%s)", b="أْ%1"},
   -- {a="ئ([^uaiUAI])", b="ئْ%1"},
   -- {a="ئ(%p*)$", b="ئْ%1"},
   -- {a="ئ(%p*%s)", b="ئْ%1"},
   -- {a="ء([^uaiUAI])", b="ءْ%1"},
   -- {a="ء(%p*)$", b="ءْ%1"},
   -- {a="ء(%p*%s)", b="ءْ%1"},
--
   -- middle
   {a="([Uw])(')", b="%1Ø¡"}, --new
   {a="([Iy])(')", b="%1ئ"}, --easy
   {a="([^uai])(')([uU])", b="%1ؤ%3"},
   {a="([^uai])(')(%_?[aAY])", b="%1Ø£%3"},
   {a="([^uai])(')([iI])", b="%1ئ%3"},
   {a="(u)(')([uU])", b="%1ؤ%3"},
   {a="(u)(')(%_?[aAY])", b="%1ؤ%3"},
   {a="(u)(')([iI])", b="%1ئ%3"},
   {a="(a)(')(%_?[aAY])", b="%1Ø£%3"},
   {a="(a)(')([uU])", b="%1ؤ%3"},
   {a="(a)(')([iI])", b="%1ئ%3"},
   {a="(i)(')(%_?[aAY])", b="%1ئ%3"},
   {a="(i)(')([uU])", b="%1ئ%3"},
   {a="(i)(')([iI])", b="%1ئ%3"},
   {a="(a)(')([^uaiUAI])", b="%1أْ%3"},
   {a="(u)(')([^uaiUAI])", b="%1ؤْ%3"},
   {a="(i)(')([^uaiUAI])", b="%1ئْ%3"}
}

tanwinfv = { -- with assimilations (\SetArbDflt*)
   -- assimilations (begin)
   {a="(O[%S]-)(%-?[uai]N[UI]?)(O)([rlmnwy])", b="%4%4"},
   {a="(%-?[uai]NU)(%s)([rlmnwy])", b="%1%2%3%3"},
   -- assimilations (end)
   {a="(O[%S]-)(%-?[uai]N[UI]?)(O)([uai])", b="Ù±"},
   {a="%-?(uNU)(%s)([uai])", b="%1%2Ù±"},
   {a="%-?(aNU)(%s)([uai])", b="%1%2Ù±"},
   {a="%-?(iNU)(%s)([uai])", b="%1%2Ù±"},
   {a="%-?uNU", b="ٌو"},
   {a="%-?aNU", b="ًوا"},
   {a="%-?iNU", b="ٍو"},
   {a="%-?([uai]N)(%s)([uai])", b="%1%2Ù±"},
   {a="%-?(aN[%_]?[AY])(%s)([uai])", b="%1%2Ù±"},
   -- assimilations (begin)
   {a="%-?(uN)(%s)([rlmnwy])", b="ٌ%2%3%3"},
   {a="(O[%S]-)(%-?aN)(_A)(O)([rlmnwy])", b="%5%5"},
   {a="(O[%S]-)(%-?aN)(Y)(O)([rlmnwy])", b="%5%5"},
   {a="%-?(aN)(_A)(%s)([rlmnwy])", b="ًى%3%4%4"},
   {a="%-?(aN)(Y)(%s)([rlmnwy])", b="ًى%3%4%4"},
   {a="(T)%-?(aN)(%s)([rlmnwy])", b="%1Ù‹%3%4%4"},
--   {a="(Ø¡)%-?(aN)(%s)([rlmnwy])", b="%1%2%3%4%4"}, --new
   {a="([^TA])%-?(aN)(%s)([rlmnwy])", b="%1ًا%3%4%4"},
   {a="%-?(iNI?)(%s)([rlmnwy])", b="ٍ%2%3%3"},
   -- assimilations (end)
   {a="(O[%S]-)(%-?aN)(_A)(O)([uai])", b="Ù±"},
   {a="(O[%S]-)(%-?aN)(Y)(O)([uai])", b="Ù±"},
   -- quoted tanwīn (begin)
   {a="%-?(\"uN)", b=""},
   {a="(B)%-?(\"aN)", b="%1"},
   {a="%-?(\"aN)(_A)", b="Ù‰"},
   {a="%-?(\"aN)(Y)", b="Ù‰"},
   {a="(T)%-?(\"aN)", b="%1"},
   {a="([اآ])(ء)%-?(\"aN)", b="%1%2"}, --new
   {a="([^TA])%-?(\"aN)", b="%1ا"},
   {a="%-?(\"iNI?)", b=""},
   -- quoted tanwīn (end)
   {a="%-?(uN)", b="ٌ"},
   {a="(B)%-?(aN)", b="%1Ù‹"},
   -- needed by \arbcolor:
   {a="%-?(aN)(O[%S]-%_AO)", b="Ù‹"},
   {a="%-?(aN)(O[%S]-YO)", b="Ù‹"},
   {a="(O[%S]-TO)%-?(aN)", b="Ù‹"},
   {a="(O[%S]-)([اآ])(ء)(O)%-?(aN)", b="ً"}, --new
   {a="(O[%S]-[^TA]O)%-?(aN)", b="ًا"},
   --
   {a="%-?(aN)(_A)", b="ًى"},
   {a="%-?(aN)(Y)", b="ًى"},
   {a="(T)%-?(aN)", b="%1Ù‹"},
   {a="([اآ])(ء)%-?(aN)", b="%1%2ً"}, --new
   {a="([^TA])%-?(aN)", b="%1ًا"},
   {a="%-?(iNI?)", b="ٍ"}
}

tanwinfveasy = { -- no assimilations (see below)
   -- assimilations (begin)
--easy   {a="(O[%S]-)(%-?[uai]N[UI]?)(O)([rlmnwy])", b="%4%4"},
--easy   {a="(%-?[uai]NU)(%s)([rlmnwy])", b="%1%2%3%3"},
   -- assimilations (end)
   {a="(O[%S]-)(%-?[uai]N[UI]?)(O)([uai])", b="Ù±"},
   {a="%-?(uNU)(%s)([uai])", b="%1%2Ù±"},
   {a="%-?(aNU)(%s)([uai])", b="%1%2Ù±"},
   {a="%-?(iNU)(%s)([uai])", b="%1%2Ù±"},
   {a="%-?uNU", b="ٌو"},
   {a="%-?aNU", b="ًوا"},
   {a="%-?iNU", b="ٍو"},
   {a="%-?([uai]N)(%s)([uai])", b="%1%2Ù±"},
   {a="%-?(aN[%_]?[AY])(%s)([uai])", b="%1%2Ù±"},
   -- assimilations (begin)
--easy   {a="%-?(uN)(%s)([rlmnwy])", b="ٌ%2%3%3"},
--easy   {a="(O[%S]-)(%-?aN)(_A)(O)([rlmnwy])", b="%5%5"},
--easy   {a="(O[%S]-)(%-?aN)(Y)(O)([rlmnwy])", b="%5%5"},
--easy   {a="%-?(aN)(_A)(%s)([rlmnwy])", b="ًى%3%4%4"},
--easy   {a="%-?(aN)(Y)(%s)([rlmnwy])", b="ًى%3%4%4"},
--easy   {a="(T)%-?(aN)(%s)([rlmnwy])", b="%1Ù‹%3%4%4"},
--easy   {a="(Ø¡)%-?(aN)(%s)([rlmnwy])", b="%1%2%3%4%4"}, --new
--easy   {a="([^TA])%-?(aN)(%s)([rlmnwy])", b="%1ًا%3%4%4"},
--easy   {a="%-?(iNI?)(%s)([rlmnwy])", b="ٍ%2%3%3"},
   -- assimilations (end)
   {a="(O[%S]-)(%-?aN)(_A)(O)([uai])", b="Ù±"},
   {a="(O[%S]-)(%-?aN)(Y)(O)([uai])", b="Ù±"},
   -- quoted tanwīn (begin)
   {a="%-?(\"uN)", b=""},
   {a="(B)%-?(\"aN)", b="%1"},
   {a="%-?(\"aN)(_A)", b="Ù‰"},
   {a="%-?(\"aN)(Y)", b="Ù‰"},
   {a="(T)%-?(\"aN)", b="%1"},
   {a="([اآ])(ء)%-?(\"aN)", b="%1%2"}, --new
   {a="([^TA])%-?(\"aN)", b="%1ا"},
   {a="%-?(\"iNI?)", b=""},
   -- quoted tanwīn (end)
   {a="%-?(uN)", b="ٌ"},
   {a="(B)%-?(aN)", b="%1Ù‹"},
   -- needed by \arbcolor:
   {a="%-?(aN)(O[%S]-%_AO)", b="Ù‹"},
   {a="%-?(aN)(O[%S]-YO)", b="Ù‹"},
   {a="(O[%S]-TO)%-?(aN)", b="Ù‹"},
   {a="(O[%S]-)([اآ])(ء)(O)%-?(aN)", b="ً"}, --new
   {a="(O[%S]-[^TA]O)%-?(aN)", b="ًا"},
   --
   {a="%-?(aN)(_A)", b="ًى"},
   {a="%-?(aN)(Y)", b="ًى"},
   {a="(T)%-?(aN)", b="%1Ù‹"},
   {a="([اآ])(ء)%-?(aN)", b="%1%2ً"}, --new
   {a="([^TA])%-?(aN)", b="%1ًا"},
   {a="%-?(iNI?)", b="ٍ"}
}

trigraphsfv = { -- trigraphs or more
   -- ʾalif al-waṣl: put it back on with \arbnull
   {a="(O[%S]-)([%'a]l%-)(O)(\"?[uai])", b="Ù±"},
   -- 'llatI / 'llad_I
   {a="^'ll(a)([%_]?[dt])", b="ٱلّ%1%2"},
   {a="([%(%[%|%<%s%-])'ll(a)([%_]?[dt])", b="%1ٱلّ%2%3"}, --p
   -- law: the diphthong is to be resolved into 'awi' (next 8 lines)
   {a="^(law)(O)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)([%S]-O)", b="%1i"},
   {a="(%W)(law)(O)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)([%S]-O)", b="%1%2i"},
   {a="^(law)(O)(\"?[uai])([%S]-O)", b="%1i"},
   {a="(%W)(law)(O)(\"?[uai])([%S]-O)", b="%1%2i"},
   {a="^(law)(%s)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="%1i%2%3"},
   {a="(%W)(law)(%s)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="%1%2i%3%4"},
   {a="^(law)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?\"?[uai])", b="%1i%2%3"},
   {a="(%W)(law)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?\"?[uai])", b="%1%2i%3%4"},
   -- al- + lām
   {a="^(a)l%-(l)", b="ا%1ل%2%2"},
   {a="([%(%[%|%<%s%-O])(a)l%-(l)", b="%1ا%2ل%3%3"}, --p
   -- al- + solar consonant ('c' and '^n' are additional characters)
   {a="^(a)l%-(%^n)", b="ا%1ل%2"}, -- ^n is lunar
   {a="([%(%[%|%<%s%-O])(a)l%-(%^n)", b="%1ا%2ل%3"}, -- ^n is lunar --p
   {a="^(a)l%-([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsnc])", b="ا%1ل%2%2"},
   {a="([%(%[%|%<%s%-O])(a)l%-([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsnc])", b="%1ا%2ل%3%3"}, --p
   -- assim. art. + solar consonant ('c' and '^n' are additional characters)
   {a="^(a)(%^n)%-", b="ا%1ل"}, -- ^n is lunar
   {a="([%(%[%|%<%s%-O])(a)(%^n)%-", b="%1ا%2ل"}, -- ^n is lunar --p
   {a="^(a)([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsnc])%-", b="ا%1ل%2"},
   {a="([%(%[%|%<%s%-O])(a)([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsnc])%-", b="%1ا%2ل%3"}, --p
   -- al- + initial unstable hamza
   {a="^(a)l%-(\"?[uai])", b="ا%1ل%2ٱ"},
   {a="([%(%[%|%<%s%-O])(a)l%-(\"?[uai])", b="%1ا%2ل%3ٱ"}, --p
   -- li-/la + art. + initial unstable hamza is a special orthography
   {a="l([ai])%-l%-(\"?[uai])", b="Ù„%1Ù„%2Ù±"},
   -- al- + lunar consonant (i.e. what remains)
   {a="^(a)l%-", b="ا%1لْ"},
   {a="([%(%[%|%<%s%-O])(a)l%-", b="%1ا%2لْ"}, --p
   -- diphthongs to be resolved before ʾalif conjunctionis
   {a="(aW)(O)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)([%S]-O)", b="awuا"},
   {a="(aw)(O)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)([%S]-O)", b="%1u"},
   {a="(ay)(O)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)([%S]-O)", b="%1i"},
   {a="(aW)(%s)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="awuا%2%3"},
   {a="(aw)(%s)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="%1u%2%3"},
   {a="(ay)(%s)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="%1i%2%3"},
   -- art. with waṣla + lām
   {a="'l%-(l)", b="ٱل%1%1"},
   -- art. with waá¹£la + solar consonant
   -- ('c' and '^n' are additional characters)
   {a="'l%-(%^n)", b="ٱل%1"}, -- ^n is lunar
   {a="'l%-([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsnc])", b="ٱل%1%1"},
   -- li-/la- + art. + lām
   {a="l([ai])%-l%-(l)", b="Ù„%1%2%2"},
   -- assim. art. with waá¹£la + solar consonant
   -- ('c' and '^n' are additional characters)
   {a="'(%^n)%-", b="ٱل"}, -- ^n is lunar
   {a="'([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsnc])%-", b="ٱل%1"},
   -- li-/la- + art. + solar consonant is a special orthography
   -- ('c' and '^n' are additional characters)
   {a="l([ai])%-l%-(%^n)", b="Ù„%1Ù„%2"}, -- ^n is lunar
   {a="l([ai])%-l%-([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsnc])", b="Ù„%1Ù„%2%2"},
   -- li-/la- + assim. art. + solar consonant is a special orthography
   -- ('c' and '^n' are additional characters)
   {a="l([ai])%-(%^n)%-(%^n)", b="Ù„%1Ù„%3"}, -- ^n is lunar
   {a="l([ai])%-([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsnc])%-([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsnc])", b="Ù„%1Ù„%3%3"},
   -- art. with waá¹£la + initial unstable hamza
   {a="'l%-(\"?[uai])", b="ٱل%1ٱ"},
   -- art. with waá¹£la + lunar consonant (i.e. what remains)
   {a="'l%-", b="ٱلْ"},
   -- the silent wāw
   {a="uU(%p*)$", b="uÙˆ%1"},
   {a="uU(%p*%s)", b="uÙˆ%1"},
   {a="aU(%p*)$", b="aÙˆ%1"},
   {a="aU(%p*%s)", b="aÙˆ%1"},
   {a="iU(%p*)$", b="iÙˆ%1"},
   {a="iU(%p*%s)", b="iÙˆ%1"},
   -- words ending in -āT with silent wāw/yāʾ
   {a="(_a)UA", b="%1وا"},
   {a="(_a)U", b="%1Ùˆ"},
   {a="(_a)I", b="%1ÙŠ"}
}

-- idgham/assimilation rules for trigraphs apply here : see voc lua
-- file.

trigraphsfveasy = { -- trigraphs or more (see 'easy' tag below for the diffs)
   -- ʾalif al-waṣl: put it back on with \arbnull
   {a="(O[%S]-)([%'a]l%-)(O)(\"?[uai])", b="Ù±"},
   -- 'llatI / 'llad_I
   {a="^'ll(a)([%_]?[dt])", b="ٱلّ%1%2"},
   {a="([%(%[%|%<%s%-])'ll(a)([%_]?[dt])", b="%1ٱلّ%2%3"}, --p
   -- law: the diphthong is to be resolved into 'awi' (next 8 lines)
   {a="^(law)(O)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)([%S]-O)", b="%1i"},
   {a="(%W)(law)(O)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)([%S]-O)", b="%1%2i"},
   {a="^(law)(O)(\"?[uai])([%S]-O)", b="%1i"},
   {a="(%W)(law)(O)(\"?[uai])([%S]-O)", b="%1%2i"},
   {a="^(law)(%s)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="%1i%2%3"},
   {a="(%W)(law)(%s)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="%1%2i%3%4"},
   {a="^(law)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?\"?[uai])", b="%1i%2%3"},
   {a="(%W)(law)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?\"?[uai])", b="%1%2i%3%4"},
   -- al- + lām
   {a="^(a)l%-(l)", b="ا%1ل%2%2"},
   {a="([%(%[%|%<%s%-O])(a)l%-(l)", b="%1ا%2ل%3%3"}, --p
   -- al- + solar consonant ('c' and '^n' are additional characters)
   {a="^(a)l%-(%^n)", b="ا%1ل%2"}, -- ^n is lunar
   {a="([%(%[%|%<%s%-O])(a)l%-(%^n)", b="%1ا%2ل%3"}, -- ^n is lunar --p
   {a="^(a)l%-([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsnc])", b="ا%1ل%2%2"},
   {a="([%(%[%|%<%s%-O])(a)l%-([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsnc])", b="%1ا%2ل%3%3"}, --p
   -- assim. art. + solar consonant ('c' and '^n' are additional characters)
   {a="^(a)(%^n)%-", b="ا%1ل"}, -- ^n is lunar
   {a="([%(%[%|%<%s%-O])(a)(%^n)%-", b="%1ا%2ل"}, -- ^n is lunar --p
   {a="^(a)([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsnc])%-", b="ا%1ل%2"},
   {a="([%(%[%|%<%s%-O])(a)([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsnc])%-", b="%1ا%2ل%3"}, --p
   -- al- + initial unstable hamza
   {a="^(a)l%-(\"?[uai])", b="ا%1ل%2ٱ"},
   {a="([%(%[%|%<%s%-O])(a)l%-(\"?[uai])", b="%1ا%2ل%3ٱ"}, --p
   -- li-/la + art. + initial unstable hamza is a special orthography
   {a="l([ai])%-l%-(\"?[uai])", b="Ù„%1Ù„%2Ù±"},
   -- al- + lunar consonant (i.e. what remains)
   {a="^(a)l%-", b="ا%1لْ"},
   {a="([%(%[%|%<%s%-O])(a)l%-", b="%1ا%2لْ"}, --p
   -- diphthongs to be resolved before ʾalif conjunctionis
   {a="(aW)(O)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)([%S]-O)", b="awuا"},
   {a="(aw)(O)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)([%S]-O)", b="%1u"},
   {a="(ay)(O)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)([%S]-O)", b="%1i"},
   {a="(aW)(%s)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="awuا%2%3"},
   {a="(aw)(%s)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="%1u%2%3"},
   {a="(ay)(%s)(['][%_%^%.]?[l'btjghxdrzs`fqkmnwy]%-)", b="%1i%2%3"},
   -- art. with waṣla + lām
   {a="'l%-(l)", b="ٱل%1%1"},
   -- art. with waá¹£la + solar consonant
   -- ('c' and '^n' are additional characters)
   {a="'l%-(%^n)", b="ٱل%1"}, -- ^n is lunar
   {a="'l%-([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsnc])", b="ٱل%1%1"},
   -- li-/la- + art. + lām
   {a="l([ai])%-l%-(l)", b="Ù„%1%2%2"},
   -- assim. art. with waá¹£la + solar consonant
   -- ('c' and '^n' are is an additional characters)
   {a="'(%^n)%-", b="ٱل"}, -- ^n is lunar
   {a="'([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsnc])%-", b="ٱل%1"},
   -- li-/la- + art. + solar consonant is a special orthography
   -- ('c' and '^n' are additional characters)
   {a="l([ai])%-l%-(%^n)", b="Ù„%1Ù„%2"}, -- ^n is lunar
   {a="l([ai])%-l%-([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsnc])", b="Ù„%1Ù„%2%2"},
   -- li-/la- + assim. art. + solar consonant is a special orthography
   -- ('c and '^n' are additional characters)
   {a="l([ai])%-(%^n)%-(%^n)", b="Ù„%1Ù„%3"}, -- ^n is lunar
   {a="l([ai])%-([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsnc])%-([%_%^%.]?[tdrzsnc])", b="Ù„%1Ù„%3%3"},
   -- art. with waá¹£la + initial unstable hamza
   {a="'l%-(\"?[uai])", b="ٱل%1ٱ"},   
   -- art. with waá¹£la + lunar consonant (i.e. what remains)
   {a="'l%-", b="ٱلْ"},
   -- the silent wāw
   {a="uU(%p*)$", b="uÙˆ%1"},
   {a="uU(%p*%s)", b="uÙˆ%1"},
   {a="aU(%p*)$", b="aÙˆ%1"},
   {a="aU(%p*%s)", b="aÙˆ%1"},
   {a="iU(%p*)$", b="iÙˆ%1"},
   {a="iU(%p*%s)", b="iÙˆ%1"},
   -- words ending in -āT with silent wāw/yāʾ
   {a="(_a)UA", b="%1وا"},
   {a="(_a)U", b="%1Ùˆ"},
   {a="(_a)I", b="%1ÙŠ"}
}

digraphsfvidgham = {
   -- ʾiʿrāb: straight double quote must be discarded
   {a="(%-)(\"?[UI]na)(%p*%s)", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?[UI]na)(%p*)$", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?At[ui])(%p*%s)", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?At[ui])(%p*)$", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?Ani)(%p*%s)", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?Ani)(%p*)$", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?ayni)(%p*%s)", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?ayni)(%p*)$", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?[uai])(%p*%s)", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?[uai])(%p*)$", b="%2%3"},
   -- ʾiʿrāb (end)
   -- initial straight double quote gives a connective ʾalif
   {a="^\"[uai]", b="Ù±"},
   {a="([%(%[%|%<%s%-])\"[uai]", b="%1Ù±"}, --p
   -- diphthongs to be resolved before ʾalif conjunctionis
   {a="(aW)(O)(\"?[uai])([%S]-O)", b="awuا"},
   {a="(aW)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?)(\"?[uai])", b="awuا%2%3ٱ"}, --p
   {a="(aw)(O)(\"?[uai])([%S]-O)", b="%1u"},
   {a="(aw)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?)(\"?[uai])", b="%1u%2%3Ù±"}, --p
   {a="(ay)(O)(\"?[uai])([%S]-O)", b="%1i"},
   {a="(ay)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?)(\"?[uai])", b="%1i%2%3Ù±"}, --p
   -- hyphen + initial alif without hamza
   --   {a="([uai]%-)(\"?[uai])", b="%1Ù±"},
   {a="([uai]%-)(\"?[uai])([%^%_%.%`]?)([%aأإؤئ])", b="%1ٱ%3%4"},
   -- initial alif without hamza (next 4 lines)
   {a="(O[%S]-)([uaiUAIY])(O)(\"?[uai])", b="Ù±"},
   {a="([%_]?[uaiUAIY])(%s[%(%[%|%<]?)(\"?[uai])", b="%1%2Ù±"}, --p
   {a="^([%(%[%|%<]?)(\"?[uai])", b="%1ا%2"}, --p
   {a="(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?)(\"?[uai])", b="%1%2ا%3"}, --p
   {a="%-%-", b="Ù€"},
   {a="ؤؤ", b="ؤّ"},
   {a="أأ", b="أّ"},
   {a="ئئ", b="ئّ"},
   {a="bb", b="بّ"},
   {a="BB", b="ـّ"},
   {a="([%_%^%.])([tghdsz])([tghdsz])", b="%1%2|%3"},
   -- same as above for additional characters:
   {a="([%_%^%.])([cn])([cn])", b="%1%2|%3"},
   {a="tt", b="تّ"},
   {a="%_t%_t", b="ثّ"},
   {a="jj", b="جّ"},
   {a="%^g%^g", b="جّ"},
   {a="%.h%.h", b="حّ"},
   {a="xx", b="خّ"},
   {a="%_h%_h", b="خّ"},
   {a="dd", b="دّ"},
   {a="%_d%_d", b="ذّ"},
   {a="rr", b="رّ"},
   {a="zz", b="زّ"},
   {a="ss", b="سّ"},
   {a="%^s%^s", b="شّ"},
   {a="%.s%.s", b="صّ"},
   {a="%.d%.d", b="ضّ"},
   {a="%.t%.t", b="طّ"},
   {a="%.z%.z", b="ظّ"},
   {a="%`%`", b="عّ"},
   {a="%.g%.g", b="غّ"},
   {a="ff", b="فّ"},
   {a="qq", b="قّ"},
   {a="kk", b="كّ"},
   {a="ll", b="لّ"},
   {a="mm", b="مّ"},
   {a="nn", b="نّ"},
   {a="hh", b="هّ"},
   {a="ww", b="وّ"},
   {a="yy", b="يّ"},
   {a="%.y%.y", b="ىّ"},
   -- additional characters + Å¡addah (begin)
   {a="pp", b="پّ"},
   {a="vv", b="Ú¤Ù‘"},
   {a="gg", b="Ú¯Ù‘"},
   {a="%^c%^c", b="Ú†Ù‘"},
   {a="%^z%^z", b="Ú˜Ù‘"},
   {a="%^n%^n", b="Ú­Ù‘"},
   -- additional characters + Å¡addah (end)
   -- sukūn begin
   -- first, take out hyphen if any (next two lines):
   {a="([ai]Y)%-([uaiUAI])", b="%1%2"},
   {a="([%_%^%.]?[Bbtjghxdrzs%`fqklmnwy])%-([uaiUAI])", b="%1%2"},
   {a="([%_%^%.]?[Bbtjghxdrzs%`fqklmnwy])(%p*)$", b="%1Ù’%2"},
   {a="([%_%^%.]?[Bbtjghxdrzs%`fqklmnwy])(%p*%s)", b="%1Ù’%2"},
   {a="([ai]Y)([%_]?[^%_uaiUAIYًٌٍ])", b="%1ْ%2"},
   {a="([%_%^%.]?[Bbtjghxdrzs%`fqklmnwy])([%_]?[^%_uaiUAIYًٌٍ])", b="%1ْ%2"},
   -- take out sukūn in cases of assimilation
   {a="(n)(ْ)(%s)(ر)", b="%1%3%4"},
   {a="(n)(Ù’)(%s)(Ùˆ)", b="%1%3%4"},
   {a="(n)(Ù’)(%s)(ÙŠ)", b="%1%3%4"},
   {a="(n)(Ù’)(%s)(Ù„)", b="%1%3%4"},
   {a="(n)(Ù’)(%s)(Ù…)", b="%1%3%4"},
   {a="(n)(Ù’)(%s)(Ù†)", b="%1%3%4"},
   {a="Ù’\"", b="\""},
   -- sukūn end
   {a="_t", b="Ø«"},
   {a="%^g", b="ج"},
   {a="%.h", b="Ø­"},
   {a="_h", b="Ø®"},
   {a="_d", b="Ø°"},
   {a="%^s", b="Ø´"},
   {a="%.s", b="ص"},
   {a="%.d", b="ض"},
   {a="%.t", b="Ø·"},
   {a="%.z", b="ظ"},
   {a="%.g", b="غ"},
   {a="%.y", b="Ù‰"},
   -- additional characters (begin)
   {a="%^c", b="Ú†"},
   {a="%^z", b="Ú˜"},
   {a="%^n", b="Ú­"},
   -- additional characters (end)
   {a="(U)(A)", b="%1ا"},
   {a="WA", b="وْا"},
   {a="(a)W\"", b="%1وا"},
   {a="(a)W", b="%1وْا"},
   {a="_A", b="aÙ‰"},
   {a="_u", b="Ù—"},
   {a="_a", b="Ù°"},
   {a="_i", b="Ù–"},
   {a="%.b", b="Ù®"},
   {a="%.f", b="Ú¡"},
   {a="%.q", b="Ù¯"},
   {a="%.k", b="Ú©"},
   {a="%.n", b="Úº"},
   {a="%^d", b="ÚŠ"}
}

digraphsfv = {
   -- iʿrāb: straight double quote must be discarded
   {a="(%-)(\"?[UI]na)(%p*%s)", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?[UI]na)(%p*)$", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?At[ui])(%p*%s)", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?At[ui])(%p*)$", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?Ani)(%p*%s)", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?Ani)(%p*)$", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?ayni)(%p*%s)", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?ayni)(%p*)$", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?[uai])(%p*%s)", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?[uai])(%p*)$", b="%2%3"},
   -- ʾiʿrāb (end)
   -- initial straight double quote gives a connective ʾalif
   {a="^\"[uai]", b="Ù±"},
   {a="([%(%[%|%<%s%-])\"[uai]", b="%1Ù±"}, --p
   -- diphthongs to be resolved before ʾalif conjunctionis
   {a="(aW)(O)(\"?[uai])([%S]-O)", b="awuا"},
   {a="(aW)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?)(\"?[uai])", b="awuا%2%3ٱ"}, --p
   {a="(aw)(O)(\"?[uai])([%S]-O)", b="%1u"},
   {a="(aw)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?)(\"?[uai])", b="%1u%2%3Ù±"}, --p
   {a="(ay)(O)(\"?[uai])([%S]-O)", b="%1i"},
   {a="(ay)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?)(\"?[uai])", b="%1i%2%3Ù±"}, --p
   -- hyphen + initial alif without hamza
   --   {a="([uai]%-)(\"?[uai])", b="%1Ù±"},
   {a="([uai]%-)(\"?[uai])([%^%_%.%`]?)([%aأإؤئ])", b="%1ٱ%3%4"},
   -- initial alif without hamza (next 4 lines)
   {a="(O[%S]-)([uaiUAIY])(O)(\"?[uai])", b="Ù±"},
   {a="([%_]?[uaiUAIY])(%s[%(%[%|%<]?)(\"?[uai])", b="%1%2Ù±"}, --p
   {a="^([%(%[%|%<]?)(\"?[uai])", b="%1ا%2"}, --p
   {a="(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?)(\"?[uai])", b="%1%2ا%3"}, --p
   {a="%-%-", b="Ù€"},
   {a="ؤؤ", b="ؤّ"},
   {a="أأ", b="أّ"},
   {a="ئئ", b="ئّ"},
   {a="bb", b="بّ"},
   {a="BB", b="ـّ"},
   {a="([%_%^%.])([tghdsz])([tghdsz])", b="%1%2|%3"},
   -- same as above for additional characters:
   {a="([%_%^%.])([cn])([cn])", b="%1%2|%3"},
   {a="tt", b="تّ"},
   {a="%_t%_t", b="ثّ"},
   {a="jj", b="جّ"},
   {a="%^g%^g", b="جّ"},
   {a="%.h%.h", b="حّ"},
   {a="xx", b="خّ"},
   {a="%_h%_h", b="خّ"},
   {a="dd", b="دّ"},
   {a="%_d%_d", b="ذّ"},
   {a="rr", b="رّ"},
   {a="zz", b="زّ"},
   {a="ss", b="سّ"},
   {a="%^s%^s", b="شّ"},
   {a="%.s%.s", b="صّ"},
   {a="%.d%.d", b="ضّ"},
   {a="%.t%.t", b="طّ"},
   {a="%.z%.z", b="ظّ"},
   {a="%`%`", b="عّ"},
   {a="%.g%.g", b="غّ"},
   {a="ff", b="فّ"},
   {a="qq", b="قّ"},
   {a="kk", b="كّ"},
   {a="ll", b="لّ"},
   {a="mm", b="مّ"},
   {a="nn", b="نّ"},
   {a="hh", b="هّ"},
   {a="ww", b="وّ"},
   {a="yy", b="يّ"},
   {a="%.y%.y", b="ىّ"},
   -- additional characters + Å¡addah (begin)
   {a="pp", b="پّ"},
   {a="vv", b="Ú¤Ù‘"},
   {a="gg", b="Ú¯Ù‘"},
   {a="%^c%^c", b="Ú†Ù‘"},
   {a="%^z%^z", b="Ú˜Ù‘"},
   {a="%^n%^n", b="Ú­Ù‘"},
   -- additional characters + Å¡addah (end)
   -- sukūn begin
   -- first, take out hyphen if any (next two lines):
   {a="([ai]Y)%-([uaiUAI])", b="%1%2"},
   {a="([%_%^%.]?[Bbtjghxdrzs%`fqklmnwy])%-([uaiUAI])", b="%1%2"},
   {a="([%_%^%.]?[Bbtjghxdrzs%`fqklmnwy])(%p*)$", b="%1Ù’%2"},
   {a="([%_%^%.]?[Bbtjghxdrzs%`fqklmnwy])(%p*%s)", b="%1Ù’%2"},
   {a="([ai]Y)([%_]?[^%_uaiUAIYًٌٍ])", b="%1ْ%2"},
   {a="([%_%^%.]?[Bbtjghxdrzs%`fqklmnwy])([%_]?[^%_uaiUAIYًٌٍ])", b="%1ْ%2"},
   -- take out sukūn in cases of assimilation
--   {a="(n)(ْ)(%s)(ر)", b="%1%3%4"},
--   {a="(n)(Ù’)(%s)(Ùˆ)", b="%1%3%4"},
--   {a="(n)(Ù’)(%s)(ÙŠ)", b="%1%3%4"},
--   {a="(n)(Ù’)(%s)(Ù„)", b="%1%3%4"},
--   {a="(n)(Ù’)(%s)(Ù…)", b="%1%3%4"},
--   {a="(n)(Ù’)(%s)(Ù†)", b="%1%3%4"},
   {a="Ù’\"", b="\""},
   -- sukūn end
   {a="_t", b="Ø«"},
   {a="%^g", b="ج"},
   {a="%.h", b="Ø­"},
   {a="_h", b="Ø®"},
   {a="_d", b="Ø°"},
   {a="%^s", b="Ø´"},
   {a="%.s", b="ص"},
   {a="%.d", b="ض"},
   {a="%.t", b="Ø·"},
   {a="%.z", b="ظ"},
   {a="%.g", b="غ"},
   {a="%.y", b="Ù‰"},
   -- additional characters (begin)
   {a="%^c", b="Ú†"},
   {a="%^z", b="Ú˜"},
   {a="%^n", b="Ú­"},
   -- additional characters (end)
   {a="(U)(A)", b="%1ا"},
   {a="WA", b="وْا"},
   {a="(a)W\"", b="%1وا"},
   {a="(a)W", b="%1وْا"},
   {a="_A", b="aÙ‰"},
   {a="_u", b="Ù—"},
   {a="_a", b="Ù°"},
   {a="_i", b="Ù–"},
   {a="%.b", b="Ù®"},
   {a="%.f", b="Ú¡"},
   {a="%.q", b="Ù¯"},
   {a="%.k", b="Ú©"},
   {a="%.n", b="Úº"},
   {a="%^d", b="ÚŠ"}
}

digraphsfveasy = { -- see the differences under 'easy' marker below
   -- ʾiʿrāb: straight double quote must be discarded
   {a="(%-)(\"?[UI]na)(%p*%s)", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?[UI]na)(%p*)$", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?At[ui])(%p*%s)", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?At[ui])(%p*)$", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?Ani)(%p*%s)", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?Ani)(%p*)$", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?ayni)(%p*%s)", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?ayni)(%p*)$", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?[uai])(%p*%s)", b="%2%3"},
   {a="(%-)(\"?[uai])(%p*)$", b="%2%3"},
   -- ʾiʿrāb (end)
   -- initial straight double quote gives a connective ʾalif
   {a="^\"[uai]", b="Ù±"},
   {a="([%(%[%|%<%s%-])\"[uai]", b="%1Ù±"}, --p
   -- diphthongs to be resolved before ʾalif conjunctionis
   {a="(aW)(O)(\"?[uai])([%S]-O)", b="awuا"},
   {a="(aW)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?)(\"?[uai])", b="awuا%2%3ٱ"}, --p
   {a="(aw)(O)(\"?[uai])([%S]-O)", b="%1u"},
   {a="(aw)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?)(\"?[uai])", b="%1u%2%3Ù±"}, --p
   {a="(ay)(O)(\"?[uai])([%S]-O)", b="%1i"},
   {a="(ay)(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?)(\"?[uai])", b="%1i%2%3Ù±"}, --p
   -- hyphen + initial alif without hamza
   -- {a="([uai]%-)(\"?[uai])", b="%1Ù±"},
   {a="([uai]%-)(\"?[uai])([%^%_%.%`]?)([%aأإؤئ])", b="%1ٱ%3%4"},
   -- initial alif without hamza (next 4 lines)
   {a="(O[%S]-)([uaiUAIY])(O)(\"?[uai])", b="Ù±"},
   {a="([%_]?[uaiUAIY])(%s[%(%[%|%<]?)(\"?[uai])", b="%1%2Ù±"}, --p
   {a="^([%(%[%|%<]?)(\"?[uai])", b="%1ا%2"}, --p
   {a="(%s)([%(%[%|%<]?)(\"?[uai])", b="%1%2ا%3"}, --p
   {a="%-%-", b="Ù€"},
   {a="ؤؤ", b="ؤّ"},
   {a="أأ", b="أّ"},
   {a="ئئ", b="ئّ"},
   {a="bb", b="بّ"},
   {a="BB", b="ـّ"},
   {a="([%_%^%.])([tghdsz])([tghdsz])", b="%1%2|%3"},
   -- same as above for additional characters:
   {a="([%_%^%.])([cn])([cn])", b="%1%2|%3"},
   {a="tt", b="تّ"},
   {a="%_t%_t", b="ثّ"},
   {a="jj", b="جّ"},
   {a="%^g%^g", b="جّ"},
   {a="%.h%.h", b="حّ"},
   {a="xx", b="خّ"},
   {a="%_h%_h", b="خّ"},
   {a="dd", b="دّ"},
   {a="%_d%_d", b="ذّ"},
   {a="rr", b="رّ"},
   {a="zz", b="زّ"},
   {a="ss", b="سّ"},
   {a="%^s%^s", b="شّ"},
   {a="%.s%.s", b="صّ"},
   {a="%.d%.d", b="ضّ"},
   {a="%.t%.t", b="طّ"},
   {a="%.z%.z", b="ظّ"},
   {a="%`%`", b="عّ"},
   {a="%.g%.g", b="غّ"},
   {a="ff", b="فّ"},
   {a="qq", b="قّ"},
   {a="kk", b="كّ"},
   {a="ll", b="لّ"},
   {a="mm", b="مّ"},
   {a="nn", b="نّ"},
   {a="hh", b="هّ"},
   {a="ww", b="وّ"},
   {a="yy", b="يّ"},
   {a="%.y%.y", b="ىّ"},
   -- additional characters + Å¡addah (begin)
   {a="pp", b="پّ"},
   {a="vv", b="Ú¤Ù‘"},
   {a="gg", b="Ú¯Ù‘"},
   {a="%^c%^c", b="Ú†Ù‘"},
   {a="%^z%^z", b="Ú˜Ù‘"},
   {a="%^n%^n", b="Ú­Ù‘"},
   -- additional characters + Å¡addah (end)
   -- sukūn begin ('easy' needs these rules to be taken out); but
   -- first take out every previously generated sukūn by hamza rules,
   -- so there be no need to edit them:
   {a="Ù’", b=""}, 
   -- first, take out hyphen if any (next two lines):
--   {a="([ai]Y)%-([uaiUAI])", b="%1%2"},
--   {a="([%_%^%.]?[Bbtjghxdrzs%`fqklmnwy])%-([uaiUAI])", b="%1%2"},
--   {a="([%_%^%.]?[Bbtjghxdrzs%`fqklmnwy])(%p*)$", b="%1Ù’%2"},
--   {a="([%_%^%.]?[Bbtjghxdrzs%`fqklmnwy])(%p*%s)", b="%1Ù’%2"},
--   {a="([ai]Y)([%_]?[^%_uaiUAIYًٌٍ])", b="%1ْ%2"},
--   {a="([%_%^%.]?[Bbtjghxdrzs%`fqklmnwy])([%_]?[^%_uaiUAIYًٌٍ])", b="%1ْ%2"},
   -- take out sukūn in cases of assimilation
--   {a="(n)(ْ)(%s)(ر)", b="%1%3%4"},
--   {a="(n)(Ù’)(%s)(Ùˆ)", b="%1%3%4"},
--   {a="(n)(Ù’)(%s)(ÙŠ)", b="%1%3%4"},
--   {a="(n)(Ù’)(%s)([Ù„])", b="%1%3%4"},
--   {a="(n)(Ù’)(%s)([Ù…])", b="%1%3%4"},
--   {a="(n)(Ù’)(%s)([Ù†])", b="%1%3%4"},
--   {a="Ù’\"", b="\""},
   -- sukūn end
   {a="_t", b="Ø«"},
   {a="%^g", b="ج"},
   {a="%.h", b="Ø­"},
   {a="_h", b="Ø®"},
   {a="_d", b="Ø°"},
   {a="%^s", b="Ø´"},
   {a="%.s", b="ص"},
   {a="%.d", b="ض"},
   {a="%.t", b="Ø·"},
   {a="%.z", b="ظ"},
   {a="%.g", b="غ"},
   {a="%.y", b="Ù‰"},
   -- additional characters (begin)
   {a="%^c", b="Ú†"},
   {a="%^z", b="Ú˜"},
   {a="%^n", b="Ú­"},
   -- additional characters (end)
   {a="(U)(A)", b="%1ا"},
   {a="WA", b="وْا"},
   {a="(a)W\"", b="%1وا"},
   {a="(a)W", b="%1وْا"},
   {a="_A", b="aÙ‰"},
   {a="_u", b="Ù—"},
   {a="_a", b="Ù°"},
   {a="_i", b="Ù–"},
   {a="%.b", b="Ù®"},
   {a="%.f", b="Ú¡"},
   {a="%.q", b="Ù¯"},
   {a="%.k", b="Ú©"},
   {a="%.n", b="Úº"},
   {a="%^d", b="ÚŠ"}
}

singlefv = {
   {a="b", b="ب"},
   {a="t", b="ت"},
   {a="j", b="ج"},
   {a="x", b="Ø®"},
   {a="d", b="د"},
   {a="r", b="ر"},
   {a="z", b="ز"},
   {a="s", b="س"},
   {a="f", b="ف"},
   {a="`", b="ع"},
   {a="f", b="ف"},
   {a="q", b="Ù‚"},
   {a="k", b="Ùƒ"},
   {a="l", b="Ù„"},
   {a="m", b="Ù…"},
   {a="n", b="Ù†"},
   {a="h", b="Ù‡"},
   {a="w", b="Ùˆ"},
   {a="y", b="ÙŠ"},
   {a="T", b="Ø©"},
   -- additional characters (begin)
   {a="p", b="Ù¾"},
   {a="v", b="Ú¤"},
   {a="g", b="Ú¯"},
   -- additional characters (end)
   {a="\"$", b=""},
   {a="\"(%W)", b="%1"},
   {a="\"([^uaiUAI])", b="%1"},
   {a="o", b="ْ"}, -- hard-coded sukūn
   {a="([^0-9])%-([^0-9])", b="%1%2"},
   {a="B", b="Ù€"},
}

singlefveasy = { -- see the differences under 'easy' tag below
   {a="b", b="ب"},
   {a="t", b="ت"},
   {a="j", b="ج"},
   {a="x", b="Ø®"},
   {a="d", b="د"},
   {a="r", b="ر"},
   {a="z", b="ز"},
   {a="s", b="س"},
   {a="f", b="ف"},
   {a="`", b="ع"},
   {a="f", b="ف"},
   {a="q", b="Ù‚"},
   {a="k", b="Ùƒ"},
   {a="l", b="Ù„"},
   {a="m", b="Ù…"},
   {a="n", b="Ù†"},
   {a="h", b="Ù‡"},
   {a="w", b="Ùˆ"},
   {a="y", b="ÙŠ"},
   {a="T", b="Ø©"},
   -- additional characters (begin)
   {a="p", b="Ù¾"},
   {a="v", b="Ú¤"},
   {a="g", b="Ú¯"},
   -- additional characters (end)
   -- easy (begin): \" needs to put back the sukūn
   {a="\"$", b="Ù’"},
   {a="\"(%W)", b="Ù’%1"},
   {a="\"([^uaiUAI])", b="Ù’%1"},
   -- easy (end)
   {a="([^0-9])%-([^0-9])", b="%1%2"},
   {a="B", b="Ù€"},
}