\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{luamplib}
\usepackage{unicode-math}
\setmainfont[Numbers=OldStyle]{TeX Gyre Pagella}
\setmathfont{TeX Gyre Pagella Math}
\def\tl#1{\vbox{\small\let\\\cr\halign{\hss ##\hss\cr#1\crcr}}}
\begin{document}
\mplibtextextlabel{enable}
\begin{mplibcode}
input basedate
path euro, years, events;
euro = 
     (base(1999, 01, 31), 70.256200)
  -- (base(1999, 02, 28), 68.85200)
  -- (base(1999, 03, 31), 67.106100)
  -- (base(1999, 04, 30), 66.456200)
  -- (base(1999, 05, 31), 65.751900)
  -- (base(1999, 06, 30), 65.054700)
  -- (base(1999, 07, 31), 65.818600)
  -- (base(1999, 08, 31), 66.039600)
  -- (base(1999, 09, 30), 64.618500)
  -- (base(1999, 10, 31), 64.604600)
  -- (base(1999, 11, 30), 63.715400)
  -- (base(1999, 12, 31), 62.694500)
  -- (base(2000, 01, 31), 61.723600)
  -- (base(2000, 02, 29), 61.416200)
  -- (base(2000, 03, 31), 61.095600)
  -- (base(2000, 04, 30), 59.795100)
  -- (base(2000, 05, 31), 60.165300)
  -- (base(2000, 06, 30), 62.91600)
  -- (base(2000, 07, 31), 62.337900)
  -- (base(2000, 08, 31), 60.789500)
  -- (base(2000, 09, 30), 60.777700)
  -- (base(2000, 10, 31), 58.965700)
  -- (base(2000, 11, 30), 60.020900)
  -- (base(2000, 12, 31), 61.469800)
  -- (base(2001, 01, 31), 63.488500)
  -- (base(2001, 02, 28), 63.3800)
  -- (base(2001, 03, 31), 62.956100)
  -- (base(2001, 04, 30), 62.167200)
  -- (base(2001, 05, 31), 61.405900)
  -- (base(2001, 06, 30), 60.874200)
  -- (base(2001, 07, 31), 60.811600)
  -- (base(2001, 08, 31), 62.70600)
  -- (base(2001, 09, 30), 62.322400)
  -- (base(2001, 10, 31), 62.422700)
  -- (base(2001, 11, 30), 61.851800)
  -- (base(2001, 12, 31), 61.94300)
  -- (base(2002, 01, 31), 61.676200)
  -- (base(2002, 02, 28), 61.136700)
  -- (base(2002, 03, 31), 61.565600)
  -- (base(2002, 04, 30), 61.413900)
  -- (base(2002, 05, 31), 62.738200)
  -- (base(2002, 06, 30), 64.39600)
  -- (base(2002, 07, 31), 63.882400)
  -- (base(2002, 08, 31), 63.575100)
  -- (base(2002, 09, 30), 63.061600)
  -- (base(2002, 10, 31), 63.008300)
  -- (base(2002, 11, 30), 63.737600)
  -- (base(2002, 12, 31), 64.218200)
  -- (base(2003, 01, 31), 65.650100)
  -- (base(2003, 02, 28), 66.890200)
  -- (base(2003, 03, 31), 68.137100)
  -- (base(2003, 04, 30), 68.917100)
  -- (base(2003, 05, 31), 71.205200)
  -- (base(2003, 06, 30), 70.409100)
  -- (base(2003, 07, 31), 69.997700)
  -- (base(2003, 08, 31), 69.876900)
  -- (base(2003, 09, 30), 69.764400)
  -- (base(2003, 10, 31), 69.859800)
  -- (base(2003, 11, 30), 69.252500)
  -- (base(2003, 12, 31), 70.127900)
  -- (base(2004, 01, 31), 69.311900)
  -- (base(2004, 02, 29), 67.658400)
  -- (base(2004, 03, 31), 67.186300)
  -- (base(2004, 04, 30), 66.456100)
  -- (base(2004, 05, 31), 67.167300)
  -- (base(2004, 06, 30), 66.304900)
  -- (base(2004, 07, 31), 66.615300)
  -- (base(2004, 08, 31), 66.917400)
  -- (base(2004, 09, 30), 68.148700)
  -- (base(2004, 10, 31), 69.067300)
  -- (base(2004, 11, 30), 69.916800)
  -- (base(2004, 12, 31), 69.655900)
  -- (base(2005, 01, 31), 70.672300)
  -- (base(2005, 02, 28), 68.954800)
  -- (base(2005, 03, 31), 69.266800)
  -- (base(2005, 04, 30), 68.301400)
  -- (base(2005, 05, 31), 68.404700)
  -- (base(2005, 06, 30), 66.887400)
  -- (base(2005, 07, 31), 68.613100)
  -- (base(2005, 08, 31), 68.5500)
  -- (base(2005, 09, 30), 67.759400)
  -- (base(2005, 10, 31), 68.186800)
  -- (base(2005, 11, 30), 67.934800)
  -- (base(2005, 12, 31), 67.914300)
  -- (base(2006, 01, 31), 68.629700)
  -- (base(2006, 02, 28), 68.299400)
  -- (base(2006, 03, 31), 68.879200)
  -- (base(2006, 04, 30), 69.411300)
  -- (base(2006, 05, 31), 68.343200)
  -- (base(2006, 06, 30), 68.7700)
  -- (base(2006, 07, 31), 68.851400)
  -- (base(2006, 08, 31), 67.681500)
  -- (base(2006, 09, 30), 67.498800)
  -- (base(2006, 10, 31), 67.294500)
  -- (base(2006, 11, 30), 67.386300)
  -- (base(2006, 12, 31), 67.297100)
  -- (base(2007, 01, 31), 66.365300)
  -- (base(2007, 02, 28), 66.73900)
  -- (base(2007, 03, 31), 67.988900)
  -- (base(2007, 04, 30), 67.95900)
  -- (base(2007, 05, 31), 68.144800)
  -- (base(2007, 06, 30), 67.589800)
  -- (base(2007, 07, 31), 67.449200)
  -- (base(2007, 08, 31), 67.714700)
  -- (base(2007, 09, 30), 68.791700)
  -- (base(2007, 10, 31), 69.624700)
  -- (base(2007, 11, 30), 70.779800)
  -- (base(2007, 12, 31), 72.135100)
  -- (base(2008, 01, 31), 74.638700)
  -- (base(2008, 02, 29), 74.922400)
  -- (base(2008, 03, 31), 77.322800)
  -- (base(2008, 04, 30), 79.552400)
  -- (base(2008, 05, 31), 79.079900)
  -- (base(2008, 06, 30), 79.094700)
  -- (base(2008, 07, 31), 79.236500)
  -- (base(2008, 08, 31), 79.221500)
  -- (base(2008, 09, 30), 79.928300)
  -- (base(2008, 10, 31), 78.440300)
  -- (base(2008, 11, 30), 82.852800)
  -- (base(2008, 12, 31), 90.767900)
  -- (base(2009, 01, 31), 92.114300)
  -- (base(2009, 02, 28), 88.967100)
  -- (base(2009, 03, 31), 91.925500)
  -- (base(2009, 04, 30), 89.774800)
  -- (base(2009, 05, 31), 88.591200)
  -- (base(2009, 06, 30), 85.739200)
  -- (base(2009, 07, 31), 86.02100)
  -- (base(2009, 08, 31), 86.196800)
  -- (base(2009, 09, 30), 89.16800)
  -- (base(2009, 10, 31), 91.597400)
  -- (base(2009, 11, 30), 89.818800)
  -- (base(2009, 12, 31), 89.911700)
  -- (base(2010, 01, 31), 88.424400)
  -- (base(2010, 02, 28), 87.548100)
  -- (base(2010, 03, 31), 90.177300)
  -- (base(2010, 04, 30), 87.677600)
  -- (base(2010, 05, 31), 85.83100)
  -- (base(2010, 06, 30), 82.888900)
  -- (base(2010, 07, 31), 83.636200)
  -- (base(2010, 08, 31), 82.39800)
  -- (base(2010, 09, 30), 83.807500)
  -- (base(2010, 10, 31), 87.57300)
  -- (base(2010, 11, 30), 85.595400)
  -- (base(2010, 12, 31), 84.741200)
  -- (base(2011, 01, 31), 84.729300)
  -- (base(2011, 02, 28), 84.686200)
  -- (base(2011, 03, 31), 86.708800)
  -- (base(2011, 04, 30), 88.313100)
  -- (base(2011, 05, 31), 87.653300)
  -- (base(2011, 06, 30), 88.668300)
  -- (base(2011, 07, 31), 88.569400)
  -- (base(2011, 08, 31), 87.548400)
  -- (base(2011, 09, 30), 87.21700)
  -- (base(2011, 10, 31), 87.015700)
  -- (base(2011, 11, 30), 85.784300)
  -- (base(2011, 12, 31), 84.494100)
  -- (base(2012, 01, 31), 83.159600)
  -- (base(2012, 02, 29), 83.664600)
  -- (base(2012, 03, 31), 83.485600)
  -- (base(2012, 04, 30), 82.378400)
  -- (base(2012, 05, 31), 80.472400)
  -- (base(2012, 06, 30), 80.644300)
  -- (base(2012, 07, 31), 78.858800)
  -- (base(2012, 08, 31), 78.862900)
  -- (base(2012, 09, 30), 79.89500)
  -- (base(2012, 10, 31), 80.69300)
  -- (base(2012, 11, 30), 80.362500)
  -- (base(2012, 12, 31), 81.282400)
  -- (base(2013, 01, 31), 83.14100)
  -- (base(2013, 02, 28), 86.2300)
  -- (base(2013, 03, 31), 85.989300)
  -- (base(2013, 04, 30), 85.050300)
  -- (base(2013, 05, 31), 84.83100)
  -- (base(2013, 06, 30), 85.192200)
  -- (base(2013, 07, 31), 86.163400)
  -- (base(2013, 08, 31), 85.98600)
  -- (base(2013, 09, 30), 84.243200)
  -- (base(2013, 10, 31), 84.770300)
  -- (base(2013, 11, 30), 83.829200)
  -- (base(2013, 12, 31), 83.68200)
  -- (base(2014, 01, 31), 82.752100)
  -- (base(2014, 02, 28), 82.464100)
  -- (base(2014, 03, 31), 83.143900)
  -- (base(2014, 04, 30), 82.506500)
  -- (base(2014, 05, 31), 81.574400)
  -- (base(2014, 06, 30), 80.463800)
  -- (base(2014, 07, 31), 79.300800)
  -- (base(2014, 08, 31), 79.758700)
  -- (base(2014, 09, 30), 79.150400)
  -- (base(2014, 10, 31), 78.837400)
  -- (base(2014, 11, 30), 79.037400)
  -- (base(2014, 12, 31), 78.805100)
  -- (base(2015, 01, 31), 76.705900)
  -- (base(2015, 02, 28), 74.11400)
  -- (base(2015, 03, 31), 72.317800)
  -- (base(2015, 04, 30), 72.364700)
  -- (base(2015, 05, 31), 72.255300)
  -- (base(2015, 06, 30), 72.076600)
  -- (base(2015, 07, 31), 70.762500)
  -- (base(2015, 08, 31), 71.401100)
  -- (base(2015, 09, 30), 73.266100)
  -- (base(2015, 10, 31), 73.267700)
  -- (base(2015, 11, 30), 70.662300)
  -- (base(2015, 12, 31), 72.61500)
  -- (base(2016, 01, 31), 75.332500)
  -- (base(2016, 02, 29), 77.556300)
  -- (base(2016, 03, 31), 78.041900)
  -- (base(2016, 04, 30), 79.311700)
  -- (base(2016, 05, 31), 77.868700)
  -- (base(2016, 06, 30), 79.00800)
  -- (base(2016, 07, 31), 84.173500)
  -- (base(2016, 08, 31), 85.603400)
  -- (base(2016, 09, 30), 85.237500)
  -- (base(2016, 10, 31), 89.187500)
  -- (base(2016, 11, 30), 86.6400)
  -- (base(2016, 12, 31), 84.447800)
  -- (base(2017, 01, 31), 86.087300)
  -- (base(2017, 02, 28), 85.299700)
  -- (base(2017, 03, 31), 86.653800)
  -- (base(2017, 04, 30), 84.7200)
  -- (base(2017, 05, 31), 85.610300)
  -- (base(2017, 06, 30), 87.732600)
  -- (base(2017, 07, 31), 88.646200)
  -- (base(2017, 08, 31), 91.20400)
  -- (base(2017, 09, 30), 89.478400)
  -- (base(2017, 10, 31), 89.03800)
  -- (base(2017, 11, 30), 88.873100)
  -- (base(2017, 12, 31), 88.37100)
  -- (base(2018, 01, 31), 88.307800)
  -- (base(2018, 02, 28), 88.380700)
  -- (base(2018, 03, 31), 88.297700)
  -- (base(2018, 04, 30), 87.298900)
  -- (base(2018, 05, 31), 87.835600)
  -- (base(2018, 06, 30), 87.852700)
  -- (base(2018, 07, 31), 88.778300)
  -- (base(2018, 08, 31), 89.686900)
  -- (base(2018, 09, 30), 89.369500)
  -- (base(2018, 10, 31), 88.273600)
  -- (base(2018, 11, 30), 88.099300)
  -- (base(2018, 12, 31), 89.733600)
  -- (base(2019, 01, 31), 88.56500)
  -- (base(2019, 02, 28), 87.257800)
  -- (base(2019, 03, 31), 85.830800)
  -- (base(2019, 04, 30), 86.259500)
  -- (base(2019, 05, 31), 87.048600)
  -- (base(2019, 06, 30), 89.14400)
  -- (base(2019, 07, 31), 89.935100)
  -- (base(2019, 08, 31), 91.649700)
  -- (base(2019, 09, 30), 89.223500)
  -- (base(2019, 10, 31), 87.21200)
  -- (base(2019, 11, 30), 85.81800)
  -- (base(2019, 12, 31), 84.903300)
  -- (base(2020, 01, 31), 84.880700)
  -- (base(2020, 02, 29), 84.179300)
  -- (base(2020, 03, 31), 89.452900)
  -- (base(2020, 04, 30), 87.50400)
  -- (base(2020, 05, 31), 88.826200)
  -- (base(2020, 06, 30), 89.960700)
  -- (base(2020, 07, 31), 90.43400)
  -- (base(2020, 08, 31), 90.034100)
  -- (base(2020, 09, 30), 91.040100)
  -- (base(2020, 10, 31), 90.656300)
  -- (base(2020, 11, 30), 89.649300)
  -- (base(2020, 12, 31), 90.677900)
  -- (base(2021, 01, 31), 89.174800)
  -- (base(2021, 02, 28), 87.189400)
  -- (base(2021, 03, 31), 85.864500)
  -- (base(2021, 04, 30), 86.550500)
  -- (base(2021, 05, 31), 86.335700)
  -- (base(2021, 06, 30), 85.900900)
  -- (base(2021, 07, 31), 85.619400)
  -- (base(2021, 08, 31), 85.315600)
  -- (base(2021, 09, 30), 85.644300)
  -- (base(2021, 10, 31), 84.744100)
  -- (base(2021, 11, 30), 84.789100)
  -- (base(2021, 12, 31), 84.94200)
  -- (base(2022, 01, 31), 83.52100)
  -- (base(2022, 02, 28), 83.827900)
  -- (base(2022, 03, 31), 83.615400)
  -- (base(2022, 04, 30), 83.557800)
  -- (base(2022, 05, 31), 84.954600)
  -- (base(2022, 06, 30), 85.784300)
  -- (base(2022, 07, 31), 84.922300)
  -- (base(2022, 08, 31), 84.566100)
  -- (base(2022, 09, 30), 87.545600)
  -- (base(2022, 10, 31), 87.084200)
  -- (base(2022, 11, 30), 86.959400)
  -- (base(2022, 12, 31), 86.945600)
  -- (base(2023, 01, 31), 88.136600)
  -- (base(2023, 02, 28), 88.710800)
  -- (base(2023, 03, 31), 88.288100)
  -- (base(2023, 04, 30), 88.306300)
  -- (base(2023, 05, 31), 87.190600)
  -- (base(2023, 06, 30), 85.824200)
  -- (base(2023, 07, 31), 85.8333)
  -- (base(2023, 08, 31), 85.9054)
  -- (base(2023, 09, 30), 86.2139)
  -- (base(2023, 10, 31), 86.8168)
  -- (base(2023, 11, 30), 87.0744)
  -- (base(2023, 12, 31), 86.2330)
  -- (base(2024, 01, 31), 85.8814)
  -- (base(2024, 02, 29), 85.4670)
  -- (base(2024, 03, 31), 85.5549)
  -- (base(2024, 04, 30), 85.6500)
  -- (base(2024, 05, 31), 85.6277)
  -- (base(2024, 06, 30), 84.7218)
  -- (base(2024, 07, 31), 84.4672)
  -- (base(2024, 08, 31), 85.1493)
  -- (base(2024, 09, 30), 84.0409)
  -- (base(2024, 10, 26), 83.5291)
  ;

years = (base(1999, 01, 01), 1999) for y=2000 upto 2025: -- (base(y, 1, 1), y) endfor;

numeric u, v;  u = 67; v = 5;
numeric offset;
offset = base(1999, 1, 1);
euro  := euro  shifted -(offset, 0) xscaled u yscaled v;
years := years shifted -(offset, 0) xscaled u;

input tufte-manila-paper
beginfig(1);

draw euro 
    withpen pencircle scaled 1/4 withcolor 3/4;
for t=0 upto length euro: draw point t of euro 
    withpen pencircle scaled if t mod 12 = 0: 3/2 else: 1 fi
    withcolor 3/4 blue; endfor
numeric baseline_height; baseline_height = 54v;
draw (xpart point 0 of euro, baseline_height) -- (xpart point infinity of euro, baseline_height);
for t = 1 upto length years:
    numeric x, y, q; 
    (x, y) = point t of years; 
    4q = xpart (point t-1 of years - point t of years);  
    draw (x, baseline_height) -- (x, baseline_height + 4);
    for i=1 upto 3:
        draw (x + i*q, baseline_height) -- (x + i*q, baseline_height + 2);
    endfor
    if not odd y:
        label.bot("\small\strut " & decimal y, (x, baseline_height));
    fi
endfor
numeric minx, miny, maxx, maxy;
miny = 1000; maxy = 0;
minx = maxx = 0;
for i=0 upto length euro:
    numeric x, y; (x, y) = point i of euro;
    if y > maxy: maxy := y; maxx := x; fi
    if y < miny: miny := y; minx := x; fi
endfor
fill ((0,1)--(1,4)--(-1,4)--cycle) scaled 2 shifted (maxx, maxy) withcolor 1/2 green;
fill ((0,-1)--(1,-4)--(-1,-4)--cycle) scaled 2 shifted (minx, miny) withcolor 3/4 red;

numeric left_axis_x, right_axis_x; 
left_axis_x = xpart point 0 of euro - 24; 
right_axis_x = xpart point infinity of euro + 24;  

draw (left_axis_x, miny) -- (left_axis_x, maxy);
for y = 60 step 10 until 100:
    draw (left_axis_x, y * v) -- (left_axis_x + 2, y * v);
    label.lft("\small\strut " & if y < 100: "0." & decimal y else: "1.00" fi, (left_axis_x, y * v));
endfor

draw (right_axis_x, miny) -- (right_axis_x, maxy);
for eur = 100 step 10 until 170:
    numeric y; y = 100/eur * 100;
    draw (right_axis_x, y * v) -- (right_axis_x - 2, y * v);
    label.rt("\small\strut " & if eur=100: "1.00" else: "1." & decimal (eur mod 100) fi, (right_axis_x, y * v));
endfor

label.ulft("\small £/€", (left_axis_x, 103v));
label.urt ("\small €/£", (right_axis_x, 103v));
label.top("Monthly average exchange rates Euro v.\@ Sterling", (1/2 left_axis_x + 1/2 right_axis_x, 103v));

vardef event_label@#(expr t, z) = 
    fill unitsquare shifted -(1/2,1/2) rotated 45 scaled 2 shifted z;
    label@#(t, z);
enddef;

event_label.top("\small Creation",             (base(1999, 1,  1) - offset, 71) xscaled u yscaled v);
event_label.top("\small 9/11",                 (base(2001, 9, 11) - offset, 64) xscaled u yscaled v);
event_label.lrt("\tl{US / UK\\invade Iraq}",   (base(2003, 3, 20) - offset, 64) xscaled u yscaled v);
event_label.lrt("\tl{Lehmans\\collapse}",      (base(2008, 9, 15) - offset, 77) xscaled u yscaled v);
event_label.lrt("\tl{Brexit\\vote}",           (base(2016, 6, 24) - offset, 77) xscaled u yscaled v);
event_label.bot("\tl{UK leaves\\EU}",          (base(2020, 1, 31) - offset, 83) xscaled u yscaled v);
event_label.top("\tl{WHO declares\\pandemic}", (base(2020, 3, 11) - offset, 91) xscaled u yscaled v);
event_label.bot("\tl{Ukraine\\invaded}",       (base(2022, 2, 24) - offset, 82.5) xscaled u yscaled v);

input show_name
endfig;
\end{mplibcode}
\end{document}