{{Header}}'''1.''' Essentials.
{{Box|text=
The user needs to verify that the following prerequisites are met.
* Debian {{Stable project version based on Debian codename}}
installed.
* A user account such as for example user user
exists.
* Calling the user name user
is recommended because then you could copy and paste the commands below and do not need to adjust for another user name.
}}
'''2.''' Gain administrative (root) rights. [
One way or another.
]
{{Box|text=
Becoming root is required because the following commands need to be run with administrative (root) rights as documented below. [
When a user is using ]su
to gain administrative rights, the user is required to use full path to the programs addgroup
, adduser
, reboot
because when using su
the PATH
environment variable is not adjusted for use with root rights. See echo "$PATH"
.
{{CodeSelect|lang=bash|code=
echo "$PATH"
}}
user rights PATH
printout:
/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/games:/usr/games
root rights PATH
printout:
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
By comparison, when using sudo
using /full/path/to/application is not required.
* '''A)''' Debian: Use su
as documented below.
* '''B)''' Most Qubes users: same as above.
* '''C)''' Advanced Qubes users: If using a Debian minimal template or not having the passwordless-root
package installed, see footnote. [
A root terminal is required to proceed which can be started from Qubes dom0 terminal as per the Qubes upstream documentation. [[Unspecific|Unspecific to {{project_name_short}}.]]
]
Run the following command in a terminal.
{{CodeSelect|lang=bash|code=
su
}}
}}
'''3.''' Install sudo
and adduser package.
{{Box|text=
'''1.''' Update the package lists.
{{CodeSelect|lang=bash|code=
apt update
}}
'''2.''' Upgrade the system.
{{CodeSelect|lang=bash|code=
apt full-upgrade
}}
'''3.''' Install sudo
and adduser package.
{{CodeSelect|lang=bash|code=
apt install --no-install-recommends sudo adduser
}}
}}
'''5.''' Create group console
.
{{CodeSelect|lang=bash|code=
/usr/sbin/addgroup --system console
}}
'''6.''' Add your Linux account user name to group console
. [
Context: [[Dev/Strong_Linux_User_Account_Isolation#Console_Lockdown|Console Lockdown]]
Required for login into a [[Desktop#Virtual_Consoles|Virtual Consoles]] which might be handy in context of [[Recovery]].
]
Note: Replace user user
with your actual user name.
{{CodeSelect|lang=bash|code=
/usr/sbin/adduser user console
}}
'''7.''' Add user user
to group sudo
.
{{Box|text=
'''Note:'''
* '''A)''' Most users: No special notice.
* '''B)''' Advanced users: If the user is intending to lockdown user user
by not granting root rights, see footnote. [
The following command ]/usr/sbin/adduser user sudo
grants root rights to user user
. If the user intents to use user user
without root rights for better security, the user should omit running the /usr/sbin/adduser user sudo
and instead 1) make sure that another Linux user account such as user admin
is a member of Linux user group sudo
and 2) in case of:
* Debian: Use su
.
* {{q_project_name_long}}: If not installing the passwordless-root
package and/or when distribution morphing a Debian minimal template into {{project_name_short}}, root terminal is required to proceed which can be started from Qubes dom0 terminal as per the Qubes upstream documentation. [[Unspecific|Unspecific to {{project_name_short}}.]]
Note: Replace user user
with your actual user name.
{{CodeSelect|lang=bash|code=
/usr/sbin/adduser user sudo
}}
}}
'''8.''' Reboot.
{{CodeSelect|lang=bash|code=
/sbin/reboot
}}{{Footer}}