=head1 NAME ZooKeeper - Perl bindings for Apache ZooKeeper =head1 SYNOPSIS my $zk = ZooKeeper->new(hosts => 'localhost:2181'); my $cv = AE::cv; my @children = $zk->get_children('/', watcher => sub { my $event = shift; $cv->send($event) }); my $child_event = $cv->recv; =head1 DESCRIPTION ZooKeeper is a perl interface to the Apache ZooKeeper C client library. =head2 How is this different from Net::ZooKeeper? =over 4 =item ZooKeeper is written for asynchronous programming. To support asynchronous programs, watchers were implemented as code refs, which a ZooKeeper::Dispatcher asynchronously invokes with ZooKeeper event data. Conversely, Net::ZooKeeper used Net::ZooKeeper::Watch classes, which users must interact with using the wait method(which blocks). =item ZooKeeper data is represented as normal perl data types. ZooKeeper event and stat data are simply hashrefs and arrayrefs. Net::ZooKeeper instead provides specific perl classes for interacting with this data. =item ZooKeeper leverages perl exception handling. Instead of returning the C error codes, as Net::ZooKeeper does, ZooKeeper throws ZooKeeper::Error exceptions for unexpected return codes. =back =head2 Data Types =over 4 =item acl Acls are represented as an arrayrefs of hashrefs, where each hashref includes an id, scheme, and permissions. Permissions flags can be imported from the ZooKeeper::Constants package. For instance, ZOO_READ_ACL_UNSAFE would be represented as: [{id => 'anyone', scheme => 'world', perms => ZOO_PERM_READ}] =item event A hashref of attributes for a watcher event. Includes the type of event(a ZooKeeper::Constants event), connection state(a ZooKeeper::Constants state) and the path of the node triggering the event. { path => '/child', state => ZOO_CONNECTED_STATE, type => ZOO_CHILD_EVENT, } =item stat A hashref of fields from a C Stat struct. { aversion => 0, ctime => 0, cversion => 0, czxid => 0, ephemeralOwner => 0, dataLength => 0, mtime => 0, mzxid => 0, numChildren => 2, pzxid => 2334, version => 0, } =back =head2 Dispatchers ZooKeeper uses ZooKeeper::Dispatchers for communicating with callbacks registered by the C library. These callbacks are executed in separate POSIX threads, which write event data to a ZooKeeper::Channel and notify the dispatcher that an event is ready to be processed. How this notification occurs, and how perl callbacks are invoked, is what differentiates the types of dispatchers. =over 4 =item AnyEvent ZooKeeper writes to a Unix pipe with an attached AnyEvent I/O watcher. This means that perl callbacks for watchers will be executed by the AnyEvent event loop. =item Interrupt ZooKeeper uses Async::Interrupt callbacks. This means the perl interpreter will be safely interrupted(waits for the current op to finish) in order to execute the corresponding perl callback. See Async::Interrupt for more details on how callbacks are executed. Be aware that this does not interrupt system calls(such as select) and XS code. This means if your code is blocking on a select(such as during an AnyEvent recv), the interrupt callback will not execute until the call has finished. =back =head1 ATTRIBUTES =head2 hosts A comma separated list of ZooKeeper server hostnames and ports. 'localhost:2181' 'zoo1.domain:2181,zoo2.domain:2181' =cut =head2 timeout The session timout used for the ZooKeeper connection. =cut =head2 watcher A subroutine reference to be called by a default watcher for ZooKeeper session events. =cut =head2 authentication An arrayref used for authenticating with ZooKeeper. This will be passed as an array to add_auth. [$scheme, $credentials, %extra] =cut =head2 buffer_length The default length of the buffer used for retrieving ZooKeeper data and paths. Defaults to 2048 bytes. =cut =head2 client_id The client_id for a ZooKeeper session. Can be set during construction to resume a previous session. =cut =head2 dispatcher The implementation of ZooKeeper::Dispatcher to be used. Defaults to AnyEvent. Valid types include: =over 4 =item AnyEvent =item Interrupt =back =cut =head2 ignore_session_events If set to false, all watchers will be triggered for session events, such as disconnecting and reconnecting to the ZooKeeper server. This means that watchers can be triggered multiple times, until the watcher event is triggered. The default value is true, which will only trigger watchers once, for the watcher event. =cut =head1 METHODS =head2 new Instantiate a new ZooKeeper connection. my $zk = ZooKeeper->new(%args) %args REQUIRED hosts OPTIONAL authentication OPTIONAL buffer_length OPTIONAL dispatcher OPTIONAL timeout OPTIONAL watcher =head2 state Get the state of the ZooKeeper connection. Returns a state enum from ZooKeeper::Constants. =head2 wait Calls wait on the underlying ZooKeeper::Dispatcher. Synchronously dispatch one event. Returns the event hashref the watcher was called with. Can optionally be passed a timeout(specified in seconds), which will cause wait to return undef if it does not complete in the specified time. my $event = $zk->wait($seconds) OPTIONAL $seconds =head2 create Create a new node with the given path and data. Returns the path for the newly created node on succes. Otherwise a ZooKeeper::Error is thrown. my $created_path = $zk->create($requested_path, %extra); REQUIRED $requested_path OPTIONAL %extra acl buffer_length persistent sequential value =cut =head2 add_auth Add authentication credentials for the session. Will automatically be invoked if the authentication attribute was set during construction. If the digest scheme is used, and encoded is not set, then credentials will be automatically hashed with Digest::SHA::sha1_base64. A ZooKeeper::Error will be thrown if the request could not be made. To determine success or failure authenticating, a watcher must be passed. $zk->add_auth($scheme, $credentials, %extra) REQUIRED $scheme REQUIRED $credentials OPTIONAL %extra watcher encoded =cut =head2 delete Delete a node at the given path. Throws a ZooKeeper::Error if the delete was unsuccessful. $zk->delete($path, %extra) REQUIRED $path OPTIONAL %extra version =cut =head2 exists Check whether a node exists at the given path, and optionally set a watcher for when the node is created or deleted. On success, returns a stat hashref for the node. Otherwise returns undef. my $stat = $zk->exists($path, %extra) REQUIRED $path OPTIONAL %extra watcher =cut =head2 get_children Get the children stored directly under the given path. Optionally set a watcher for when a child is created or deleted. Returns an array of child path names. my @child_paths = $zk->get_children($path, %extra) REQUIRED $path OPTIONAL %extra watcher =cut =head2 get Retrieve data stored at the given path. Optionally set a watcher for when the data is changed. In list context, the data and stat hashref of the node is returned. Otherwise just the data is returned. my $data = $zk->get($path, %extra) my ($data, $stat) = $zk->get($path, %extra) REQUIRED $path OPTIONAL %extra watcher buffer_length =cut =head2 set Set data at the given path. On succes, returns a stat hashref of the node. Otherwise a ZooKeeper::Error is thrown. my $stat = $zk->set($path => $value, %extra) REQUIRED $path REQUIRED $value OPTIONAL %extra version =cut =head2 get_acl Get ACLs for the given node. Returns an ACLs arrayref on success, otherwise throws a ZooKeeper::Error my $acl = $zk->get_acl($path) REQUIRED $path =head2 set_acl Set ACls for a node at the given path. Throws a ZooKeeper::Error on failure. $zk->set_acl($path => $acl, %extra) REQUIRED $path REQUIRED $acl OPTIONAL %extra version =cut =head1 CAVEATS =head2 Forking The underlying C library uses POSIX threads. This means that ZooKeeper is not fork safe. Only exec and POSIX::_exit can be guaranteed to work safely in the child process. =head2 Signals Many ZooKeeper recipes(such as in the examples directory), rely on clients properly shutting down to delete ephemeral nodes. Otherwise the ZooKeeper server will wait for the entire duration of the timeout specified by the session, before cleaning up. If you are expecting your program to handle signals(such as SIGINT), make sure the program is properly catching them and exiting. See the examples for more information. =head1 SEE ALSO The Apache ZooKeeper project's home page at L provides a wealth of detail on how to develop applications using ZooKeeper. =head1 AUTHOR Mark Flickinger =head1 LICENSE This software is licensed under the same terms as Perl itself. =cut